TY  - JOUR
U1  - Zeitschriftenartikel, wissenschaftlich - begutachtet (reviewed)
A1  - Haghi, Mostafa
A1  - Asadov, Akhmadbek
A1  - Boiko, Andrei
A1  - Ortega, Juan Antonio
A1  - Martínez Madrid, Natividad
A1  - Seepold, Ralf
T1  - Validating Force Sensitive Resistor Strip Sensors for Cardiorespiratory Measurement during Sleep: A Preliminary Study
JF  - Sensors / Special Issue: Sensors in Sleep Monitoring
N2  - Sleep disorders can impact daily life, affecting physical, emotional, and cognitive well-being. Due to the time-consuming, highly obtrusive, and expensive nature of using the standard approaches such as polysomnography, it is of great interest to develop a noninvasive and unobtrusive in-home sleep monitoring system that can reliably and accurately measure cardiorespiratory parameters while causing minimal discomfort to the user’s sleep. We developed a low-cost Out of Center Sleep Testing (OCST) system with low complexity to measure cardiorespiratory parameters. We tested and validated two force-sensitive resistor strip sensors under the bed mattress covering the thoracic and abdominal regions. Twenty subjects were recruited, including 12 males and 8 females. The ballistocardiogram signal was processed using the 4th smooth level of the discrete wavelet transform and the 2nd order of the Butterworth bandpass filter to measure the heart rate and respiration rate, respectively. We reached a total error (concerning the reference sensors) of 3.24 beats per minute and 2.32 rates for heart rate and respiration rate, respectively. For males and females, heart rate errors were 3.47 and 2.68, and respiration rate errors were 2.32 and 2.33, respectively. We developed and verified the reliability and applicability of the system. It showed a minor dependency on sleeping positions, one of the major cumbersome sleep measurements. We identified the sensor under the thoracic region as the optimal configuration for cardiorespiratory measurement. Although testing the system with healthy subjects and regular patterns of cardiorespiratory parameters showed promising results, further investigation is required with the bandwidth frequency and validation of the system with larger groups of subjects, including patients.
KW  - Ballistocardiography
KW  - Sleep monitoring
KW  - Wavelet signal processing
KW  - Heart rate
KW  - Respiration rate
Y1  - 2023
UN  - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:kon4-opus4-34782
SN  - 1424-8220
SS  - 1424-8220
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/s23083973
DO  - https://doi.org/10.3390/s23083973
N1  - Corresponding author: Mostafa Haghi
VL  - 23
IS  - 8
SP  - 16
S1  - 16
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel, CH
ER  -