Open Access

Sleep is essential to physical and mental health. However, the traditional approach to sleep analysis—polysomnography (PSG)—is intrusive and expensive. Therefore, there is great interest in the development of non-contact, non-invasive, and non-intrusive sleep monitoring systems and technologies that can reliably and accurately measure cardiorespiratory parameters with minimal impact on the patient. This has led to the development of other relevant approaches, which are characterised, for example, by the fact that they allow greater freedom of movement and do not require direct contact with the body, i.e., they are non-contact. This systematic review discusses the relevant methods and technologies for non-contact monitoring of cardiorespiratory activity during sleep. Taking into account the current state of the art in non-intrusive technologies, we can identify the methods of non-intrusive monitoring of cardiac and respiratory activity, the technologies and types of sensors used, and the possible physiological parameters available for analysis. To do this, we conducted a literature review and summarised current research on the use of non-contact technologies for non-intrusive monitoring of cardiac and respiratory activity. The inclusion and exclusion criteria for the selection of publications were established prior to the start of the search. Publications were assessed using one main question and several specific questions. We obtained 3774 unique articles from four literature databases (Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, PubMed, and Scopus) and checked them for relevance, resulting in 54 articles that were analysed in a structured way using terminology. The result was 15 different types of sensors and devices (e.g., radar, temperature sensors, motion sensors, cameras) that can be installed in hospital wards and departments or in the environment. The ability to detect heart rate, respiratory rate, and sleep disorders such as apnoea was among the characteristics examined to investigate the overall effectiveness of the systems and technologies considered for cardiorespiratory monitoring. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of the considered systems and technologies were identified by answering the identified research questions. The results obtained allow us to determine the current trends and the vector of development of medical technologies in sleep medicine for future researchers and research.

Linear and nonlinear response functions (RF) are extracted for the climate system and the carbon cycle represented by the MPI-ESM and cGENIE models, respectively. Appropriately designed simulations are run for this purpose. Joining these RFs, we have a climate emulator with carbon emissions as the forcing and any desired observable quantity (provided the data is saved), such as the surface air temperature or precipitation, as the predictand. Like e.g. for atmospheric CO2 concentration, we also have RFs for the solar constant as a forcing — mimicking solar radiation management (SRM) geoengineering. We consider two application cases. 1. One is based on the Paris 2015 agreement, determining the necessary least amount of SRM geoengineering needed to keep the global mean surface air temperature below a certain threshold, e.g. 1.5 or 2 [oC], given a certain amount of carbon emission abatement (ABA) and carbon dioxide removal (CDR) geoengineering. 2. The other application considers the conservation of the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS). Using a zero-dimensional simplification of a complex ice sheet model, we determine (a) if we need SRM given some ABA and CDR, and, if possible, (b) the required least amount of SRM to avoid the collapse of the GrIS. Keeping temperatures below 2 [oC] even is hardly possible without sustained SRM (1.); however, the collapse of the GrIS can be avoided applying SRM even for moderate levels of CDR and ABA, an overshoot being affordable (2.).

Wie kann Korpuslinguistik für den Fremdsprachenunterricht genutzt werden? Wie kann Data-driven Learning initiiert werden? Wer sich mit diesen Fragen beschäftigt und sich über den Einsatz im DaF-Unterricht informieren möchte, wird kaum fündig, denn die publizierten Materialien wurden in der Regel für den Englischunterricht verfasst. In dieser Sammelrezension werden daher vier Monografien vorgestellt, in denen der Einsatz der Korpuslinguistik zur Sprachvermittlung Englisch beschrieben wird. Es sollen die Schwerpunkte und Besonderheiten der Monografien herausgearbeitet und der mögliche Nutzen für Deutsch als Fremdsprache eruiert werden.

BACKGROUND: Future of digital public health and smart cities is interwoven and deeply linked. Citizen's and pet's conditions in their urban environment are critical for managing urbanization challenges and digital transformation. Inter- and Intra-connectivity of humans and animals take place in a dynamic space. In this environment, each one can share feelings and news over social media, and report an event happening at any time passively or actively via sensors or multimedia channels, respectively. One Digital Health (ODH) proposes a framework for collecting, managing, analyzing data, and supporting health-oriented policy development and implementation. Accident and Emergency Informatics gives tools to identify and manage overtime hazards and disruptive events, their victims and collaterals. OBJECTIVE: We aim to show how ODH framework, through implementing dynamic point of perceptions, supports the analysis of a use case involving a human and an animal in a technological environment-based urban, i.e., smart environment. METHODS: We describe an example of One Digital Health intervention wherein Accident and Emergency Informatics mechanisms run in the background. A One Digital Health Intervention is the implementation of a set of digital functionalities designed and deployed to (1) support specific initiatives that address human, animal, and environmental systems' needs and challenges; (2) assess and study these systems' outcomes and effects, and collect related data; (3) select timely metrics for the outcomes of multi-criteria decision analyses. This example intervention is based on the daily journey of two personas: Tracy (a human) and Mego (Tracy's dog). They live in a metropolis, and their activities are monitored and analyzed with IoT sensors, devices, and tools for preventing and managing any health-related abnormality. RESULTS: We built an example of an ODH Intervention summary table showing examples of "how to" analyze activities of daily living as part of an ODH Intervention. For each activity, its relations to the ODH dimensions are scored, and the relevant technical fields are evaluated in the light of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) principles prism. CONCLUSIONS: The example showcased of ODH intervention provides the basics to build real-world data-based research in a FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) context to improve continuous health monitoring policies and systems, also for enhancing emergency management. One Digital Health framework provides medical and environmental informaticians, decision-makers, and citizens with tools for improving their daily actions. The additional, integrating Accident and Emergency Informatics layer allows them to better set forth their preparedness and response to potentially acute health-related events. The whole data management cycle must also be processed in a FAIRness way.

Purpose In order to combat climate change and safeguard a liveable future we need fundamental and rapid social change. Climate communication can play an important role to nurture the public engagement needed for this change, and higher education for sustainability can learn from climate communication. Approach The scientific evidence base on climate communication for effective public engagement is summarised into ten key principles, including ‘basing communication on people’s values’, ‘conscious use of framing’, and ‘turning concern into action’. Based on the author’s perspective and experience in the university context, implications are explored for sustainability in higher education. Findings The article provides suggestions for teaching (e.g. complement information with consistent behaviour by the lecturer, integrate local stories, and provide students with basic skills to communicate climate effectively), for research (e.g. make teaching for effective engagement the subject of applied research), for universities’ third mission to contribute to sustainable development in the society (e.g. provide climate communication trainings to empower local stakeholders), andgreening the campus (develop a proper engagement infrastructure, e.g. by a university storytelling exchange on climate action). Originality The article provides an up-to-date overview of climate communication research, which is in itself original. This evidence base holds interesting learnings for institutions of higher education, and the link between climate communication and universities has so far not been explored comprehensively.