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Cyberspace: a world at war. Our privacy, freedom of speech, and with them the very foundations of democracy are under attack. In the virtual world frontiers are not set by nations or states, they are set by those, who control the flows of information. And control is, what everybody wants.
The Five Eyes are watching, storing, and evaluating every transmission. Internet corporations compete for our data and decide if, when, and how we gain access to that data and to their pretended free services. Search engines control what information we are allowed - or want - to consume. Network access providers and carriers are fighting for control of larger networks and for better ways to shape the traffic. Interest groups and copyright holders struggle to limit access to specific content. Network operators try to keep their networks and their data safe from outside - or inside - adversaries.
And users? Many of them just don’t care. Trust in concepts and techniques is implicit. Those who do care try to take back control of the Internet through privacy-preserving techniques.
This leads to an arms race between those who try to classify the traffic, and those who try to obfuscate it. But good or bad lies in the eye of the beholder, and one will find himself fighting on both sides.
Network Traffic Classification is an important tool for network security. It allows identification of malicious traffic and possible intruders, and can also optimize network usage. Network Traffic Obfuscation is required to protect transmissions of important data from unauthorized observers, to keep the information private. However, with security and privacy both crumbling under the grip of legal and illegal black hat crackers, we dare say that contemporary traffic classification and obfuscation techniques are fundamentally flawed. The underlying concepts cannot keep up with technological evolution. Their implementation is insufficient, inefficient and requires too much resources.
We provide (1) a unified view on the apparently opposed fields of traffic classification and obfuscation, their deficiencies and limitations, and how they can be improved. We show that (2) using multiple classification techniques, optimized for specific tasks improves overall resource requirements and subsequently increases classification speed. (3) Classification based on application domain behavior leads to more accurate information than trying to identify communication protocols. (4) Current approaches to identify signatures in packet content are slow and require much space or memory. Enhanced methods reduce these requirements and allow faster matching. (5) Simple and easy to implement obfuscation techniques allow circumvention of even sophisticated contemporary classification systems. (6) Trust and privacy can be increased by reducing communication to a required minimum and limit it to known and trustworthy communication partners.
Our techniques improve both security and privacy and can be applied efficiently on a large scale. It is but a small step in taking back the Web.
Characterization of NiTi Shape Memory Damping Elements designed for Automotive Safety Systems
(2014)
Actuator elements made of NiTi shape memory material are more and more known in industry because of their unique properties. Due to the martensitic phase change, they can revert to their original shape by heating when subjected to an appropriate treatment. This thermal shape memory effect (SME) can show a significant shape change combined with a considerable force. Therefore such elements can be used to solve many technical tasks in the field of actuating elements and mechatronics and will play an increasing role in the next years, especially within the automotive technology, energy management, power, and mechanical engineering as well as medical technology. Beside this thermal SME, these materials also show a mechanical SME, characterized by a superelastic plateau with reversible elongations in the range of 8%. This behavior is based on the building of stress-induced martensite of loaded austenite material at constant temperature and facilitates a lot of applications especially in the medical field. Both SMEs are attended by energy dissipation during the martensitic phase change. This paper describes the first results obtained on different actuator and superelastic NiTi wires concerning their use as damping elements in automotive safety systems. In a first step, the damping behavior of small NiTi wires up to 0.5 mm diameter was examined at testing speeds varying between 0.1 and 50 mm/s upon an adapted tensile testing machine. In order to realize higher testing speeds, a drop impact testing machine was designed, which allows testing speeds up to 4000 mm/s. After introducing this new type of testing machine, the first results of vertical-shock tests of superelastic and electrically activated actuator wires are presented. The characterization of these high dynamic phase change parameters represents the basis for new applications for shape memory damping elements, especially in automotive safety systems.
In this thesis, a new framework has been proposed, designed and developed for creating efficient and cost effective logistics chains for long items within the building industry. The building industry handles many long items such as pipes, profiles and so on. The handling of these long items is quite complicated and difficult because they are bulky, unstable and heavy. So it is not cost effective and efficient to handle them manually. Existing planning frameworks ignore these special requirements of such goods and are not planned for handling these goods. That leads to that many additional manual handling steps are currently required to handle long items. Therefore, it is very important to develop a new framework for creating the efficient and cost-effective logistics chain for long items. To propose such a new framework, the expert interviews were conducted to gain the fully understanding about the customer requirements. The experts from all stages of the building industry supply chain were interviewed. The data collected from the expert interviews has been analysed and the meaningful findings about the customer requirements have been applied as the valuable inputs for the proposition of the new framework. To have fully knowledge about current practices, all existing planning frameworks have been analysed and evaluated using SWOT analysis. The strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the current planning frameworks have been comparatively analysed and evaluated. The findings from SWOT analysis have been used for proposing, designing and developing the new framework. The great efforts have been made during the implementation stage. The six different key parameters for a successful implementation have been identified. They are: • Improvement Process with Employees • Control of the Improvements • Gifts/Money for the Improvements and Additional Work • KAIZEN Workshops • Motivation of the Employees for Improvements • Presentation of the Results Among these six parameters, it has been found that KAIZEN workshops is a very effective way for creating an efficient and cost-effective logistics chain for long items. It is believed that the new framework can be theoretically used for the planning of logistics that handle long items and commercial goods. This framework can also be used to plan all kinds of in-house logistics processes from the incoming goods, storage, picking, delivery combination areas and through to the outgoing goods area. The achievements of this project are as follows (1) the new framework for creating efficient and cost-effective logistics chains for long items, (2) the data collection and the data evaluation at the preliminary planning, (3) the decision for one planning variant already at the end of the structure planning, (4) the analysis and evaluation of customer requirements, (5) the consideration and implementation of the customer requirements in the new framework, (6) the creation of figures and tables as planning guideline, (7) the research and further development of Minomi with regards to long items, (8) the research on the information flow, (9) the classification of the improvements and the improvement handling at the implementation, (10) the identification of key parameters for a successful implementation of the planning framework. This framework has been evaluated both theoretically and through a case study of a logistics system planning for handling long items and commercial goods. It has been found that the new framework is theoretically sound and practically valuable. It can be applied to creating the logistics system for long items, especially for building industry.
The effect on the mean-variance space of restrictions on a variable is investigated in this
paper. A restriction may be the placing of upper and lower bounds on a variable.
Another limitation is the loss of the continuity of a variable.
Average marks for Examinations are considered in an application of this limited meanvariance
space. In this case, the bounds are given by the highest and the lowest possible mark (e.g. 1.0 and 5.0). The limitation of the mean-variance space depends on the number of students who participate in the examination. The restriction of the loss of continuity is shown by the use of discrete marks (e.g. 1.0, 1.3, 1.7, 2.0, …). Furthermore,
the Target-Shortfall-Probability lines are integrated into the mean-variance space. These
lines are used to indicate the proportion of students who have good or very good marks in the examination. In financial markets, Target-Shortfall-Probability is used as a risk criterion.
Requirements Engineering in Business Analytics for Innovation and Product Lifecycle Management
(2014)
Considering Requirements Engineering (RE) in business analytics, involving market oriented management, computer science and statistics, may be valuable for managing innovation in Product Lifecycle Management (PLM). RE and business analytics can help maximize the value of corporate product information throughout the value chain starting with innovation management. Innovation and PLM must address 1) big data, 2) development of well-defined business goals and principles, 3) cost/benefit analysis, 4) continuous change management, and 5) statistical and report science. This paper is a positioning note that addresses some business case considerations for analytics project involving PLM data, patents, and innovations. We describe a number of research challenges in RE that addresses business analytics when high PLM data should be turned into a successful market oriented innovation management strategy. We provide a draft on how to address these research challenges.
To master complexity, we can organize it or discard it. The Art of Insight in Science and Engineering first teaches the tools for organizing complexity, then distinguishes the two paths for discarding complexity: with and without loss of information. Questions and problems throughout the text help readers master and apply these groups of tools. Armed with this three-part toolchest, and without complicated mathematics, readers can estimate the flight range of birds and planes and the strength of chemical bonds, understand the physics of pianos and xylophones, and explain why skies are blue and sunsets are red.