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Handbuch China-Kompetenzen
(2022)
Angesichts des rasanten wirtschaftlichen und wissenschaftlichen Aufstrebens Chinas offenbart sich an deutschen Hochschulen ein deutlicher Mangel an China-Kompetenzen auf allen Ebenen. Wie sind chinesische Kooperationspartner*innen einzuschätzen? Wie sollten Studierende ausgebildet werden, damit sie in Zukunft informiert und (selbst-)bewusst zusammenarbeiten können? Wie kann erreicht werden, dass chinesische Studierende ihre Zeit in Deutschland als akademisch und persönlich bereichernd empfinden? Best practice-Beispiele von elf deutschen Hochschulen geben Anregungen, die sich auch übergreifend auf verschiedene Bildungseinrichtungen und Partnerländer übertragen lassen.
Lidar sensors are widely used for environmental perception on autonomous robot vehicles (ARV). The field of view (FOV) of Lidar sensors can be reshaped by positioning plane mirrors in their vicinity. Mirror setups can especially improve the FOV for ground detection of ARVs with 2D-Lidar sensors. This paper presents an overview of several geometric designs and their strengths for certain vehicle types. Additionally, a new and easy-to-implement calibration procedure for setups of 2D-Lidar sensors with mirrors is presented to determine precise mirror orientations and positions, using a single flat calibration object with a pre-aligned simple fiducial marker. Measurement data from a prototype vehicle with a 2D-Lidar with a 2 m range using this new calibration procedure are presented. We show that the calibrated mirror orientations are accurate to less than 0.6° in this short range, which is a significant improvement over the orientation angles taken directly from the CAD. The accuracy of the point cloud data improved, and no significant decrease in distance noise was introduced. We deduced general guidelines for successful calibration setups using our method. In conclusion, a 2D-Lidar sensor and two plane mirrors calibrated with this method are a cost-effective and accurate way for robot engineers to improve the environmental perception of ARVs.
Because process and product innovations are usually no longer sufficient to establish a company in the market or to generate a competitive advantage, Business Model Innovation is considered a powerful tool, especially for start-ups for which innovation is at the core of their business. Due to the complexity of this process, frameworks should help entrepreneurs with executing Business Model Innovation. However, theory and practice diverge. The aim of this paper is to identify the needs of a start-up regarding Business Model Innovation frameworks, underlining the importance of Business Model Innovation for start-ups as well as the relevance of a supporting framework. The research results aim to contribute to an ideal process for Business Model Innovation when applied to start-ups.
Code-based cryptosystems are promising candidates for post-quantum cryptography. Recently, generalized concatenated codes over Gaussian and Eisenstein integers were proposed for those systems. For a channel model with errors of restricted weight, those q-ary codes lead to high error correction capabilities. Hence, these codes achieve high work factors for information set decoding attacks. In this work, we adapt this concept to codes for the weight-one error channel, i.e., a binary channel model where at most one bit-error occurs in each block of m bits. We also propose a low complexity decoding algorithm for the proposed codes. Compared to codes over Gaussian and Eisenstein integers, these codes achieve higher minimum Hamming distances for the dual codes of the inner component codes. This property increases the work factor for a structural attack on concatenated codes leading to higher overall security. For comparable security, the key size for the proposed code construction is significantly smaller than for the classic McEliece scheme based on Goppa codes.
The growing error rates of triple-level cell (TLC) and quadruple-level cell (QLC) NAND flash memories have led to the application of error correction coding with soft-input decoding techniques in flash-based storage systems. Typically, flash memory is organized in pages where the individual bits per cell are assigned to different pages and different codewords of the error-correcting code. This page-wise encoding minimizes the read latency with hard-input decoding. To increase the decoding capability, soft-input decoding is used eventually due to the aging of the cells. This soft-decoding requires multiple read operations. Hence, the soft-read operations reduce the achievable throughput, and increase the read latency and power consumption. In this work, we investigate a different encoding and decoding approach that improves the error correction performance without increasing the number of reference voltages. We consider TLC and QLC flashes where all bits are jointly encoded using a Gray labeling. This cell-wise encoding improves the achievable channel capacity compared with independent page-wise encoding. Errors with cell-wise read operations typically result in a single erroneous bit per cell. We present a coding approach based on generalized concatenated codes that utilizes this property.
For some years, universities in countries where the first language is not English choose English as the medium of instruction. In German universities, instruction in German is still the dominant form, which makes university study in Germany less accessible to international students. To attract international students and to improve career prospects for home students, many German universities offer programmes taught in English or in a combination of German and English. It is widely expected that the implementation of EMI-programmes leads to improvements in English language proficiency (ELP). However, it has emerged that substantial gains in ELP in EMI programmes will only occur as the result of content and language integrated learning.
Der Urban-Heat-Island-Effekt in Städten wird sich, angetrieben durch den globalen Klimawandel, weiter verstärken. Dem können städtebauliche Maßnahmen mildernd entgegenwirken.
Aus diesem Grund soll in dieser Bachelorarbeit im Rahmen des CoKLIMAx-Projekts eine Maßnahmentoolbox für resiliente Stadtplanung erstellt werden. Im Fokusbereich Wärme werden Maßnahmen näher betrachtet, die dazu beitragen können, Städte bezüglich zu erwartender vermehrter Hitzeereignisse zukünftig klimaresilienter zu gestalten.
Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Zusammenstellung ausgewählter, konkreter Hitze-Resilienz-Maßnahmen für den städtischen Raum in einer Maßnahmentoolbox. Mithilfe dieser Toolbox sollen Möglichkeiten aufgezeigt werden, die Auswirkungen von Hitzeextremereignissen auf den städtischen Raum durch städtebauliche Maßnahmen zu minimieren beziehungsweise zu vermeiden.
Adressaten sollen in erster Linie Behörden auf kommunaler Ebene sein. Diese sollen bezüglich zunehmender Hitzeextremereignisse und ihrer negativen Auswirkungen auf Mensch, Wirtschaft sowie Gebäude und Infrastruktur, besser vorbereitet bzw. handlungsfähiger gemacht werden.
Mutual Information Analysis for Generalized Spatial Modulation Systems With Multilevel Coding
(2022)
Generalized Spatial Modulation (GSM) enables a trade-off between very high spectral efficiencies and low hardware costs for massive MIMO systems. This is achieved by transmitting information via the selection of active antennas from a set of available antennas besides the transmission of conventional data symbols. GSM systems have been investigated concerning various aspects like suitable signal constellations, efficient detection algorithms, hardware implementations, spatial precoding, and error control coding. On the other hand, determining the capacity of GSM is challenging because no closed-form expressions have been found so far. This paper investigates the mutual information for different GSM variants. We consider a multilevel coding approach, where the antenna selection and IQ modulation are encoded independently. Combined with multistage decoding, such an approach enables low-complexity capacity-achieving coded modulation. The influence of the data symbols on the mutual information is illuminated. We analyze the portions of mutual information related to antenna selection and the IQ modulation processes which depend on the GSM variant and the signal constellation. Moreover, the potential of spatial modulation for massive MIMO systems with many transmit antennas is investigated. Especially in systems with many transmit antennas much information can be conveyed by antenna selection.
Driver assistance systems are increasingly becoming part of the standard equipment of vehicles and thus contribute to road safety. However, as they become more widespread, the requirements for cost efficiency are also increasing, and so few and inexpensive sensors are used in these systems. Especially in challenging situations, this leads to the fact that target discrimination cannot be ensured which in turn leads to a false reaction of the driver assistance system. Typically, the interaction between moving traffic participants is not modeled directly in the environmental model so that tracked objects can split, merge or disappear. The Boids flocking algorithm is used to model the interaction between road users on already tracked objects by applying the movement rules (separation, cohesion, alignment) on the boids. This facilitates the creation of semantic neighborhood information between road users. We show in a comprehensive simulation that with only 7 boids per traffic participant, the estimated median separation between objects can improve from 2.4 m to 3 m for a ground truth of 3.7 m. The bottom percentile improves from 1.85 m to 2.8 m.
This research project has been awarded as part of the research competition organized by Connect2Recover, which is a global initiative by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) with the priority of reinforcing and strengthening the digital infrastructure and ecosystems of developing countries. Carried out by an international and transdisciplinary research consortium, the project sets out to analyze the prospects of digital federation and data sharing within the context of Botswana. Considering the country’s stage of economic and digital development, the project team identified Botswana’s smallholder agricultural sector as the most important area of digital transformation given the development need of the country’s primary sector.
Derived from semi-structured interviews, a focus group, as well as secondary research, the project team developed a digital transformation roadmap based on three development stages: (a) crowdfarming pilot, (b) crowdfarming marketplace, and (c) digital ecosystem for smallholder agriculture. Based on a detailed review of Botswana’s smallholder agriculture and the government’s digitalization strategy, the report envisions each phase, especially the pilot project, in terms of a minimal viable product. This is to consider the low level of digital penetration of Botswana’s primary sector, while providing an incentive to connect smallholders with consumers, traders, and retailers.
The project team has been successful in receiving commitment from actual smallholder farmers, the farmer association and government, as well as support for the idea of developing a crowdfarming marketplace as a novel production model and, eventually, a digital agriculture ecosystem for smallholder farmers, livestock producers, and agricultural technology companies and start-ups. The report is a proposal for a phase-one pilot project with the objective to advance smallholder agribusiness in Botswana.