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Research Report
(2024)
Infrastructure-making in interwar India was a dynamic, multilayered process involving roads and vehicles in urban and rural sites. One of their strongest playgrounds was Bombay Presidency and the Central Provinces in central and western India. Focusing on this region in the interwar period, this paper analyzes the varied relationship between peasant households and town-centred modernizing agents in the making of road transport infrastructures. The central argument of this paper is about the persistence of bullock carts over motor cars in the region. This persistence was grounded in the specific regional environment, the effects of the 1930s economic depression, and the priorities of social classes. Pinpointing these connections, the paper highlights that “modernization” of infrastructure was not a simple, linear process of progressivist change, nor did it mean the survival of apparently “old” technologies in the modern era. Instead, the paper pays attention to conflicting social complexities, implications, and meanings of the connection between infrastructure and modernity that modernization assumptions often overlook. Here, the paper shows how technological change occurred as a result of real, material class interests pulling infrastructural technology in different directions. This was where and why arguments of road-motor lobbyists and cart advocates eventually clashed, and Gandhian social workers resisted motor transport in defense of peasant interests.
This study aims to adapt CEFR in developing an integrative approach-based teaching material model for a pre-basic BISOL class. The method used in this research is the development research design by Borg and Gall. This study was development research. The stages are identification of the problem, formulation of a hypothetical draft model; feasibility testing by experts; product revision; and test product effectiveness. The data were collected through survey techniques, interviews, and documentation. The needs identification results revealed data encompassing 10 themes, 5 tasks per theme, and diverse evaluations comprising theory, in-class practice, and real-world field assignments, both on an individual and group basis. These identified needs require alignment with CEFR A1 for the development of BISOL learning. These findings were subsequently incorporated into the design of the teaching material model, and the results indicated that tailoring CEFR to BISOL as an integrative language teaching material model was feasible for application in the classroom, as assessed by experts. The implications suggest that integrating CEFR into BISOL is highly feasible for the development of teaching materials, and teachers can leverage this instructional model to enhance students' proficiency in the Indonesian language.
Southeast Asia
(2023)
Southeast Asia continues to inspire and intrigue observers from all walks
of life due to its diverse cultural traditions and its interwoven threads of
geographical, historical, and social transformation. This essay will explore some of these threads by highlighting Southeast Asia’s (1) deep-rooted diversity, (2) decolonial nation-building, (3) digital leapfrogging, and (4) under-rated prospects
The aim of this paper is to find out in how accommodation providers in the Seychelles perceive climate change and what mitigation and adaptation measures they can provide. In order to answer these questions, a qualitative mixed-method-approach, comprised of twenty semi-structured interviews, an online-survey and participant observation was used. Results show that accommodation providers especially perceive the effects of climate change that directly affect their business and that they have already partly implemented some mitigation and adaptation measures. However, strategies and regulations are needed at the Seychelles’ government level and on a global level to actually achieve CO2 neutral travel.
This chapter takes a detailed look at the developmental state model and its manifestations in regional development policies. Developmentalist ideas have been waxing and waning across periods of economic boom and bust. Recent years, however, have seen a renaissance of East Asian developmentalism – reminiscent of its heyday in the 1980s and 1990s and most notably driven by the region’s continued economic strength.
The endorsement of state-led modernization, preferential policies, and close state-business relations – which underpinned Japan/Korea/China’s transformations – has also left its mark on current ODA practices in the region and beyond. East Asia’s state agencies are pushing ahead with colossal infrastructure programs – in close cooperation with commercial actors – that advance broad development goals and, at the same time, promotes national interests. Compared to Western OECD peers, Asian development cooperation tends to focus less on neoliberal and democratic principles and, instead, places greater emphasis on state-corporatist and meritocratic ideas.
To what extent East Asia’s infrastructural megaprojects and connectivity corridors across Eurasia and Africa (BRI, EAI, and Partnership for Quality Infrastructure) will generate political momentum for an emergent developmental consensus remains uncertain. The jury is still out when it comes to whether and how Asian developmentalism will take center stage in global development debates. What is clear, however, is that the changing zeitgeist of a less Anglo/Euro-centric world bodes well for more heterodox and diverse ideas on development cooperation.
In the last decade, both sustainability and business models for sustainability have increased in importance. Sustainability issues have become the focus of discussion. These issues are interlinked and often negatively impact each other. They are complex and include socio-ecological dilemmas, exist in almost every aspect of our society (economic, environmental, social), and are hard to formulate. They may have multiple, incompatible solutions, competing objectives, and open timeframes. Previous research has not developed satisfactory ways to comprehend and solve problems of this nature. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) the widely used method to assess sustainable development has reached its limitation to achieve sustainable social goals. System Dynamics (SD) is a valuable methodology that enhances understanding of the structure and internal dynamic behaviours of large, complex, and dynamic systems, leading to improved decision-making. It offers a philosophy and set of tools for modelling, analysing, and simulating dynamic systems. This research applied system dynamics methods in conjunction with simulation software to assess the potential impact of a solution on environmental, social, and economic aspects of a complex system, aims to gain insights into the system's behaviour and identify the potential consequences of interventions or policy changes across multiple dimensions. This paper responds to the urgent need for a new business model by presenting a concept for an adapted dynamic business modelling for sustainability (aDBMfS) using system dynamics. Case studies in the smartphone industry are applied.
A key objective of this research is to take a more detailed look at a central aspect of resilience in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). A literature review and expert interviews were used to investigate which factors have an impact on the innovative capacity of start-ups and whether these can also be adapted by SMEs. First of all, it must be stated that there are considerable structural and process-related differences between start-ups and SMEs. These can considerably inhibit cooperation between the two forms of enterprise. However, in the same context, success factors and issues in the start-up sector could also be identified that can improve cooperation with SMEs. These and other findings are then discussed in both an economic and an academic context. This article was written as part of the research activities of the Smart Services Competence Centre (proper name: Kompetenzzentrum Smart Services), a central contact point for all questions in the area of smart service digitalization in Baden-Wuerttemberg. Here, companies can obtain information about various digital technologies and take advantage of various measures for the development of new ideas and innovative services (Kompetenzzentrum Smart Services BW: Über das Kompetenzzentrum, 2021).
This paper aims to apply the basics of the Service-Dominant Logic, especially the concept of creating benefits through serving, to the stationary retail industry. In the industrial context, the shift from a product-driven point of view to a service-driven perspective has been discussed widely. However, there are only few connections to how this can be applied to the retail sector on a B2C-level and how retailers can use smart services in order to enable customer engagement, loyalty and retention. The expectations of customers towards future stationary retail develop significantly as consumers got used to the comfort of online shopping. Especially the younger generation—the Generation Z—seems to have changed their priorities from the bare purchase of products to an experience- and service-driven approach when shopping over-the-counter. To stay successful long-term, companies from this sector need to adapt to the expectations of their future main customer group. Therefore, this paper will analyse the specific needs of Generation Z, explain how smart services contribute to creating benefit for this customer group and how this affects the economic sustainability of these firms.
As one of the most important branches of the industry in Germany and
the European Union, the mechanical and plant engineering sector is confronted with fundamental changes due to ever shorter innovation cycles and increased competitive pressure. This makes it even more important to increase the level of service components in business models with a low service level, which are still frequently found in SMEs. This paper is dedicated to the changes that the individual components of a business model have experienced and will experience. Special attention is paid to economic sustainability, since service business models can also positively influence the long-term nature of a business. Seven interviews conducted with relevant companies serve as the empirical basis of this paper. The analysed effects of smart services and active customer integration are structured and summarized within the three pillars of every business model (value proposition, the value creation architecture and the revenue mechanic).
A growing share of modern trade policy instruments is shaped by non-tariff barriers (NTBs). Based on a structural gravity equation and the recently updated Global Trade Alert database, we empirically investigate the effect of NTBs on imports. Our analysis reveals that the implementation of NTBs reduces imports of affected products by up to 12%. Their trade dampening effect is thus comparable to that of trade defence instruments such as anti-dumping duties. It is smaller for exporters that have a free trade agreement with the importing country. Different types of NTBs affect trade to a different extent. Finally, we investigate the effect of behind-the-border measures, showing that they significantly lower the importer’s market access.
Uzbekistan is an emerging tourism destination that has experienced a strong increase in tourists since 2017. However, little research on tourism development in Uzbekistan exists to date. This study therefore analyzes possible research topics and proposes a tourism research agenda for Uzbekistan. A mix of methods was used consisting of participant observation, semi-structured qualitative expert interviews and qualitative content anal- ysis. The results revealed a variety of research deficits in different areas, which could be synthesized into a total of ten research fields, which were clustered into three overarching areas, namely market research, management, and culture & environment. The subordi- nate research fields identified are Demand, Statistics, Potentials, Governance, Products, Infrastructure & Development, Marketing, Heritage & Nation-building, Sustainability as well as Peace & Conflict Prevention. A strategic research plan based on this tourism research agenda could help to foster a purposeful scientific debate. Tourism research in these fields has both the potential to investigate and compare theoretical issues in an unique context and to produce applied research results that can make a relevant contri- bution to tourism development in Uzbekistan.
The Black Forest offers renewable energy as a specific tourist destination in the form of bioenergy villages (BEV). Particularly expert tourists tend to visit them. The results of two quantitative surveys on the supply and demand side show that there is, up to now, an untapped potential among experienceoriented
tourists for this type of niche tourism.
Purpose
The goal of this research survey was to propose an entrepreneurship education model for students in higher education institutions.
Methodology
A questionnaire was distributed to 246 randomly sampled students at the Universitas Negeri Jakarta. The data was analyzed through Structural Equation Modeling to study the variables of entrepreneurship education for higher education students and examine whether it can be predicted by the university leadership as a facilitator of entrepreneurial culture, university departments as promoters of entrepreneurial skills, and university research as an incubator of local business
development.
Findings
The results show that university leadership as a facilitator of entrepreneurial culture is supported by the university leadership’s fostering a culture of entrepreneurial thinking. It was also evident that the university placed sufficient emphasis on entrepreneurial education, and it successfully motivated lecturers to embrace entrepreneurship education, and students to embrace entrepreneurship education. The results also indicated that university departments acted as promoters of entrepreneurial skills and stimulated students to attain sufficient entrepreneurial skills during their university education. Lastly, the university research also proved as an incubator of local business development and was found influenced by the university conducting research projects with local
private sector businesses and supporting graduates planning to launch start-ups.
Implications to Research and Practice
The survey results will provide valuable policy insights to improve entrepreneurship education. The university faculty and students would have opportunities to gain practical experience in local private sector businesses. The model of entrepreneurship education proposed herein can be applied for higher education students.
The main objective of this paper is to revisit the Euro method in a critical and constructive way.Wehave analysed some arguments against the Euro method published recently in the literature as well as some other relevant aspects of the SUT-Euro and SUT-RAS methods not covered before. Although not being the Euro method perfect, we believe that there is still space for the use of the Euro method in updating/regionalizing Supply and Use tables.
For decades now, exports and import have grown more rapidly than domestic production. This is a strong indication that, besides the rapid growth of foreign trade in final goods, trade in intermediates is becoming increasingly important. For this reason, an input-output ap-proach is more appropriate for any analysis of diversification than a traditional approach based purely on macroeconomic data.
This article analyses economic diversification in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries using data from input-output tables which are an integral part of the national accounts. We compare the performance of the GCC economies with that of a reference case, Norway, which is considered to have successfully diversified its economy despite having a large oil resource base. It also assesses these countries’ relative progress on sustainable development using a measure of the World Bank, adjusted net savings, which evaluates the true rate of savings in an economy after accounting for investments in physical and human capital, de-pletion of natural resources, and damage from environmental pollution.
The article concludes that GCC countries have, contrary to expectation, collectively per-formed relatively well on diversification, but their performance on sustainable development varies.
Cultural Mapping 4.0
(2021)
Cultural mapping aims to capture and visualize tangible and intangible cultural assets. This extend abstract proposes the consequent extension of analogue forms of cultural mapping using digital technologies, and its contribution is two-fold. First, the necessary theoretical basis is provided by a literature review of the still-young field of cultural mapping and the complementary disciplines of participatory mapping and digital story-mapping. Second, we propose a digitally enhanced Cultural Mapping 4.0 vision based on a case study from an ongoing research project in the Lake Constance region. Digital participatory mapping approaches are applied to capture data, and to validate and disseminate the results, story-mapping - a spatial form of digital storytelling - is used.
This paper examines the interdependencies of tourism, Buddhism and sustainability combining in-depth-interviews with Buddhism experts and non-participant observation in a mixed-method approach. The area under investigation is the Alpine region of Austria, Germany and Switzerland, since it is home to Asian and Western forms of Buddhism tourism alike. Results show that Buddhism tourism as a value-based activity on the one hand is not commercial, but since demand is rising, on the other hand tendencies towards more commercial forms can be observed. As a modest form of activity Buddhism tourism does not shape the landscape of the Alpine area and by its nature it incorporates sustainability.
This paper describes the rationale and the development of a structured digital approach for measuring corporate environmental sustainability using performance metrics.
It is impossible to imagine today's age without the preservation of our environment, not even in the corporate environment. Currently, sustainability is mostly only rudimentarily considered in companies, mostly only with written down phrases on the website. This will no longer be sufficient in the future, which is why companies should record sustainability on a numerical basis. Based on the development of a workable concept for companies, a small empirical study was carried out, which can be used to numerically measure the sustainability performance of companies. Two utility analyses were completed.
One of them was supplemented by expert interviews. Well-known practitioners from the business world were interviewed and asked for their assessment of ecological performance indicators. The result of the research is an indicator-based concept that can be applied in corporate practice to determine ecological sustainability performance.
Anthropologists’ arrival stories have long served to justify, naturalize, and domesticate—often through humor—the fraught moment of entering unasked into other people's lives. This textual convention has been thoroughly critiqued, but no comparable attention has been paid to the analogous moment of departure from the field. The digital age enables both sides to maintain contact, a shift that negates the finality of earlier departures. This article engages the changes wrought by digital media that allow us to remain connected to the field. While this seems a humane affordance, it also means that it is no longer feasible to cleanly sever ties established ‘there’. When anthropologists leave the field, the field will likely follow them—on Facebook or Instagram.