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Bauen nach dem Bauhaus
(2018)
Due to their structure of crossed yarns embedded in coating, woven fabric membranes are characterised by a highly nonlinear stress-strain behaviour. In order to determine an accurate structural response of membrane structures, a suitable description of the material behaviour is required. Typical phenomenological material models like linear-elastic orthotropic models only allow a limited determination of the real material behaviour. A more accurate approach becomes evident by focusing on the meso-scale, which reveals an inhomogeneous however periodic structure of woven fabrics. The present work focuses on an established meso-scale model. The novelty of this work is an enhancement of this model with regard to the coating stiffness. By performing an inverse process of parameter identification using a state-of-the-art Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm, a close fit w.r.t. measured data from a common biaxial test is shown and compared to results applying established models. Subsequently, the enhanced meso-scale model is processed into a multi-scale model and is implemented as a material law into a finite element program. Within finite element analyses of an exemplary full scale membrane structure by using the implemented material model as well as by using established material models, the results are compared and discussed.
Für mehr Qualität am Bau
(2018)
Die Putzstrukturen an Fassaden werden maßgeblich durch die Fachhandwerker geprägt. Deshalb wird ihre Ebenmäßigkeit auch nie mit der von industriell gefertigten Fassadenplatten und Ähnlichem vergleichbar sein – aber genau das macht einen Teil des Charmes von Putzfassaden aus. Dies ist auch bei der Bearbeitung von Schadstellen zu berücksichtigen.
Was in Kommunen im benachbarten Ausland, bspw. der Schweiz, Oesterreich oder den Niederlanden, offenbar seit vielen Jahren Stand der Technik ist, ist auf Deutschlands Kommunalstrassen eine 'Sonderbauweise': Verkehrsflaechen aus Beton. Die Gruende fuer die Vernachlaessigung der Betonbauweise im kommunalen Umfeld liegen offenbar in einer aufwendigeren Planung, hoeheren Ausfuehrungskosten, einem komplexeren Einbau (gerade in Zusammenhang mit Einbauten), Instandhaltungsmassnahmen und Massnahmen Dritter an den Ver- und Entsorgungseinrichtungen. Offen ist auch die Frage, inwieweit sich die hoeheren Aufwendungen bei der Betonbauweise hinsichtlich Planung und Ausfuehrung im Rahmen einer Lebenszyklusbetrachtung im Vergleich zur Asphaltbauweise durch einen geringeren Erhaltungsbedarf amortisieren oder ggf. sogar guenstiger darstellen. Infolge vermehrt auftretender typischer Schaeden wie Spurrinnen und Verdrueckungen werden hochbelastete kommunale Verkehrsflaechen wie Bushaltestellen, Busspuren und Kreisverkehre immer haeufiger anstatt in Asphalt oder Pflaster in Beton ausgefuehrt. Die Thematik 'Einsatz von Betonflaechen in Kommunen' ist sehr umfangreich und weitlaeufig. Generell wird hier auch auf die spezifischen Merkblaetter der FGSV verwiesen. Mit den Ausfuehrungen im Fachbeitrag soll demnach grundsaetzlich auf die Belange der Planung, des Baus und die Wirtschaftlichkeit kommunaler Verkehrsflaechen in Betonbauweise eingegangen werden. Es koennen leider nicht alle Besonderheiten und Einzelheiten wie bspw. Baustoffe (Glasfaser) Beruecksichtigung finden. Ziel ist, generelle Moeglichkeiten hinsichtlich des Einsatzes von Betonflaechen im kommunalen Bereich aufzuzeigen. Besonderer Dank gilt dem Strassenbauamt Boeblingen sowie Herrn Baudirektor Andreas Klein, dessen persoenliche Erfahrungen hier einfliessen durften.
Input–Output modellers are often faced with the task of estimating missing Use tables at basic prices and also valuation matrices of the individual countries. This paper examines a selection of estimation methods applied to the European context where the analysts are not in possession of superior data. The estimation methods are restricted to the use of automated methods that would require more than just the row and column sums of the tables (as in projections) but less than a combination of various conflicting information (as in compilation). The results are assessed against the official Supply, Use and Input–Output tables of Belgium, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Finland, Austria and Slovakia by using matrix difference metrics. The main conclusion is that using the structures of previous years usually performs better than any other approach.
This letter proposes two contributions to improve the performance of transmission with generalized multistream spatial modulation (SM). In particular, a modified suboptimal detection algorithm based on the Gaussian approximation method is proposed. The proposed modifications reduce the complexity of the Gaussian approximation method and improve the performance for high signal-to-noise ratios. Furthermore, this letter introduces signal constellations based on Hurwitz integers, i.e., a 4-D lattice. Simulation results demonstrate that these signal constellations are beneficial for generalized SM with two active antennas.
Schreiben und Rhetorik an einer Hochschule für angewandte Wissenschaften - ein Erfahrungsbericht
(2018)
Investigation of magnetic effects on austenitic stainless steels after low temperature carburization
(2018)
This work aims at investigating the magnetic effects of austenitc stainless steels which can occur after a low temperature carburisation depending on the alloy. Samples were prepared of different alloys and subjected to a multiple low temperature carburisation to obtain different treatment conditions for each alloy. The layer characterisation was carried out by light microscope and also by hardening profiles and shows that the layer develops with each additional treatment cycle. A lattice expansion could be detected in all treated samples by X-ray diffraction. Magnetisability was measured using Feritscope and SQUID measurements. Not all alloys showed magnetisability after treatment. In addition to MFM measurements, experiments with Ferrofluid were also used to visualize the magnetic areas. These studies show that only about half of the formed layer becomes magnetisable and has a domain-like structure.
Knot placement for curve approximation is a well known and yet open problem in geometric modeling. Selecting knot values that yield good approximations is a challenging task, based largely on heuristics and user experience. More advanced approaches range from parametric averaging to genetic algorithms.
In this paper, we propose to use Support Vector Machines (SVMs) to determine suitable knot vectors for B-spline curve approximation. The SVMs are trained to identify locations in a sequential point cloud where knot placement will improve the approximation error. After the training phase, the SVM can assign, to each point set location, a so-called score. This score is based on geometric and differential geometric features of points. It measures the quality of each location to be used as knots in the subsequent approximation. From these scores, the final knot vector can be constructed exploring the topography of the score-vector without the need for iteration or optimization in the approximation process. Knot vectors computed with our approach outperform state of the art methods and yield tighter approximations.
Der Begriff "Integrität" nimmt das Verhältnis zwischen individuellem Handeln und der Einhaltung von Regeln und Werten in den Blick. Grüninger/Wanzek betonen, dass integres Handeln nicht blinde Regelbefolgung, sondern die Erfüllung der zugrundeliegenden Werte erfordert. Von Integrität wird gesprochen, wenn die ethischen Werte im individuellen Denken und Tun sowie auf persönlicher und organisationaler Ebene übereinstimmen.
In Anlehnung an das Tempcore-Verfahren wurde an wärmebehandeltem Stabstahl das Zugverfestigungsverhalten des Kernes, der Außenhaut sowie dem gesamten Stab experimentell und numerisch ermittelt. Es zeigte sich, dass die Dehnungen am Kern und am äußeren Rand gleich sind und der Einfluss des Kerngefüges entscheidend für den Beginn der Einschnürung in der Außenhaut ist. Eine Verbesserung der Eigenschaften des Kerngefüges kann somit die Bruchempfindlichkeit des gesamten Stabes reduzieren.
The overall goal of this work is to detect and analyze a person's movement, breathing and heart rate during sleep in a common bed overnight without any additional physical contact. The measurement is performed with the help of
sensors placed between the mattress and the frame. A two-stage pattern classification algorithm based has been implemented that applies statistics analysis to recognize the position of patients. The system is implemented in a sensors-network, hosting several nodes and communication end-points to support quick and efficient classification. The overall tests show convincing results for the position recognition and a reasonable overlap in matching.
Know when you don't know
(2018)
Deep convolutional neural networks show outstanding performance in image-based phenotype classification given that all existing phenotypes are presented during the training of the network. However, in real-world high-content screening (HCS) experiments, it is often impossible to know all phenotypes in advance. Moreover, novel phenotype discovery itself can be an HCS outcome of interest. This aspect of HCS is not yet covered by classical deep learning approaches. When presenting an image with a novel phenotype to a trained network, it fails to indicate a novelty discovery but assigns the image to a wrong phenotype. To tackle this problem and address the need for novelty detection, we use a recently developed Bayesian approach for deep neural networks called Monte Carlo (MC) dropout to define different uncertainty measures for each phenotype prediction. With real HCS data, we show that these uncertainty measures allow us to identify novel or unclear phenotypes. In addition, we also found that the MC dropout method results in a significant improvement of classification accuracy. The proposed procedure used in our HCS case study can be easily transferred to any existing network architecture and will be beneficial in terms of accuracy and novelty detection.
Although the Hospice Foundation in Constance knew they had a personnel
problem, they were unsure how to begin to fix it. In addition to difficulties in
finding and keeping employees, the Hospice Foundation’s employees were
often on sick leave, adding pressure on remaining staff. Twelve communication
design students in the masters program at the University of Applied
Sciences in Constance (HTWG Konstanz) conducted a study aimed at
identifying the causes for these problems and, more generally, understanding
how the employees work and feel. Even though the methods in this
study are well known, it presents an important prototype for designers and
design researchers because of its success in finding useful insights. It also
serves as a pre-design project briefing for both management and designers.
It demonstrates the usefulness of qualitative methods in providing a deeper
understanding of a complex situation and its usefulness as a strategic tool
and for defining a project’s focus and scope. Ideally, it also provides insights
into health care for the elderly.
A constructive nonlinear observer design for self-sensing of digital (ON/OFF) single coil electromagnetic actuators is studied. Self-sensing in this context means that solely the available energizing signals, i.e., coil current and driving voltage are used to estimate the position and velocity trajectories of the moving plunger. A nonlinear sliding mode observer is considered, where the stability of the reduced error dynamics is analyzed by the equivalent control method. No simplifications are made regarding magnetic saturation and eddy currents in the underlying dynamical model. The observer gains are constructed by taking into account some generic properties of the systems nonlinearities. Two possible choices of the observer gains are discussed. Furthermore, an observer-based tracking control scheme to achieve sensorless soft landing is considered and its closed-loop stability is studied. Experimental results for observer-based soft landing of a fast-switching solenoid valve under dry conditions are presented to demonstrate the usefulness of the approach.