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The present contribution proposes a novel method for the indirect measurement of the ground reaction forces (GRF) induced by a pedestrian during walking on a vibrating structure. Its main idea is to formulate and solve an inverse problem in the time domain with the aim of finding the optimal time dependent moving point force describing the GRF of a pedestrian (input data), which minimizes the difference between a set of computed and a set of measured structural responses (output data). The solution of the inverse problem is addressed by means of the gradient-based trust region optimization strategy. The moving force identification process uses output data from a set of acceleration and displacement time histories recorded at different locations on the structure. The practicability and the accuracy of the proposed GRF identification method is firstly evaluated using simulated measurements, which revealed a high accuracy, robustness and stability of the results in relation to high noise levels. Subsequently, a comprehensive experimental validation process using real measurement data recorded on the HUMVIB experimental footbridge on the campus of the Technical University of Darmstadt (Germany) was carried out. Besides the conventional sensors for the acquisition of structural responses, an array of biomechanical force plates as well as classical load cells at the supports were used for measurement reference GRFs needed in the experimental validation process. The results show that the proposed method delivers a very accurate estimation of the GRF induced by a subject during walking on the experimental structure.
Climate protection in Seychelles through tourism: the advantages of a small-sized destination
(2020)
CO2 abatement costs are often low in developing countries. This is why most carbon offset projects are being implemented there. Nevertheless, this does not mean that the holiday resort and the project country are in any way related to each other. Linking compensation projects with the destination country could increase the willingness of air travellers to finance voluntary CO2 compensation measures.
This paper describes how a possible combination of CO2 compensation projects in the Seychelles could affect the voluntary carbon offset behaviour of Seychelles tourists. On the one hand, the issue of whether the voluntary willingness of Seychelles travellers to compensate can be increased is examined; on the other hand, whether tourists would be willing to visit a co-financed project in the Seychelles.
As a result, the willingness of tourists to offset air-travel carbon emissions can be increased. Important factors for this are e.g. that all persons have adequate information and that the carbon offset providers display a high degree of transparency. In addition, a broad interest in visiting the projects in the Seychelles during the holiday was expressed. An important condition for this is the spatial vicinity to the project. Due to its small size, the Seychelles are an ideal location for fulfilling this premise.
Electricity generation from renewable energies often fluctuates due to weather and other natural effects. The instrument of control energy (balancing energy) can compensate for these fluctuations and thus guarantee the system and supply security of the electricity grid. Luxury hotels on tourist islands could react to fluctuations in electricity generation and provide balancing energy. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the electricity consumption of luxury hotels to assess their potential as a source for providing control energy.
Die Kleinwasserkraft stand zuletzt zunehmend in der öffentlichen Kritik wegen des ökologischen Einflusses und der verhältnismäßigen geringen Stromerzeugung. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt die Einschätzung von KWK-Betreibern zum Potenzial einer Effizienzsteigerung ihrer bestehenden Anlagen durch eine intelligente Informationsvernetzung innerhalb des Flusslaufes der Radolfzeller Aach im Süden Baden-Württembergs, um somit die Stromerzeugung der einzelnen Anlagen zu erhöhen.
Einsatz von Bankettbeton bei schmalen und stark beanspruchten Ortsverbindungs- und Kreisstraßen
(2021)
Schon die Römer nutzten die Binnenschifffahrt für den Transport ihrer Güter (SCHRöTER 2005). Noch heute stellt die Binnenschifffahrt auf dem Rhein einen wichtigen Standortfaktor dar, weshalb sich viele Unternehmen, die auf den Transport von Massengütern angewiesen sind, an seinen Ufern niedergelassen haben, um die Binnenschifffahrt als günstiges Transportmittel nutzen zu können (ROTHSTEIN et al. 2009, SCHOLTEN et al. 2009).
Im folgenden Artikel wird sowohl kurz die wirtschaftliche Bedeutung der Binnenschifffahrt auf dem Rhein angesprochen als auch deren rezente und zukünftige Entwicklung. Dabei werden auch die Auswirkungen niedriger Fahrrinnentiefen auf die Transportkapazität der Binnenschifffahrt betrachtet.
One important skill for engineers is the ability of optimizing their experiments. On their job they will often spend a lot more time designing and improving an experimental setup compared to running the actual experiment itself. Is it possible to teach this complex task in physics labs? A method for reaching this goal is proposed an example is given and discussed.