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Optimierungsansätze zur Verbesserung der Leistungsbeschreibungen bei öffentlichen Bauvorhaben
(2021)
Elbphilharmonie, BER, Bischofsresistenz Limburg, Stuttgart 21, Alter Elbtunnel Hamburg. Alles bekannte deutsche Bauprojekte der letzten 20 Jahre. Alle mit einer Gemeinsamkeit: Exorbitante Kostenexplosionen und Bauzeitenverzögerungen.
In dieser Arbeit wird aufgezeigt, weshalb solche Kostenexplosionen auch aufgrund von Unklarheiten bzw. Fehlern in Leistungsbeschreibungen entstehen und welches enorme Potential klare und erschöpfende Leistungsbeschreibungen haben, um bereits im Vorfeld eines Bauvorhabens die Weichen für einen reibungslosen und erfolgreichen Projektverlauf zu stellen.
Botswana is a country in southern Africa with rich mineral resources, which has built its economy on mining. Due to challenges in the upcoming years caused by climate and demographic change, it aims to move away from a resource-based economy to a knowledge-based economy in the long term. In order to support the
process, the Maun Science Park, a centre for research and development is planned to be created in Maun, a town on the edge of the Okavango Delta. The project is initiated by the “International Resilience and Sustainability Partnership” (inRES), a non-governmental organization. The project is currently in the initiation phase.
The purpose of this thesis is to determine a cost framework with exemplary developer calculation and sensitivity analysis for the Maun Science Park Project in Botswana. Therefor, a source research was performed in a first step. Based on this, interviews were conducted with members of the inRES. Based on the data
obtained and further assumptions, a cost framework for the different project phases of the MSP project was established. Subsequently, a developer calculation
was exemplarily carried out on the basis of the project phase 2 and a sensitivity analysis was performed.
During the interviews, data was collected on the different project phases. It became clear that the interview partners had partly inconsistent perceptions
about different project phases. The calculation can be used as a basis for further calculation at the time of concretization of the planning data.
With the increasing challenges of the 21st century, such as a rapidly growing population, increasing hunger and the destruction of the environment, the demand for sustainable and future-oriented ways of living is growing. To meet this demand, a residential district named Maun Science Park is being built in Botswana to develop a resilient society. In addition to the application of modern technology to optimise the use of resources, the environmentally friendly construction of the buildings is another goal of the project. This thesis investigates the prefabrication of rammed earth in terms of implementation and profitability for the Maun Science Park.
For this purpose, the specific properties, handling, as well as the application of the building material in prefabrication are first discussed.
This is followed by an investigation of how the work processes of prefabrication can be implemented in the Maun Science Park. Based on this, a profitability test is carried out using a break-even and sensitivity analysis.
The analyses showed that the investment in prefabrication is not profitable within the assumed production volume, which is due to the high fixed costs. These are primarily generated by the two main cost drivers, consisting of the new construction of the production hall and the rental of heavy construction equipment.
Lastly, recommendations for action were formulated that provide for a cost reduction in both the two main cost drivers as well as for other decisive factors.
In Maun, Botswana, a self-sufficient, sustainable and future-oriented district will be created, the Maun Science Park. Within this project, several 5-8 storey smart homes shall be built in sustainable construction. The aim of this thesis is to develop a sustainable structural concept for those homes of the Maun Science Park. In a first step, the general basics for tall building structures and sustainable construction were established. Based on those fundamentals, criteria for the structural requirements, the ecological as well as the social sustainability of a structural design could be defined. Subsequently, four structural systems were drafted: a concrete core structure, a steel shear frame structure, a rammed earth shear wall structure and a wooden diagrid structure. In addition to the pre-dimensioning of the systems, a life cycle assessment was set up to evaluate the ecological sustainability of the designs. With the help of a utility value analysis, the wooden diagrid structure was determined as the preferred variant. The comparison of the designs also allows to draw general conclusions for the development of sustainable tall building structures. The results of the life cycle assessment show the advantage of wood as an ecological building material over industrially manufactured building materials, such as steel and concrete. Whereas rammed earth, a likewise ecological building material, is not convincing due to its low strength. In general, a balance is created in the life cycle assessment between ecological and industrially manufactured products in regard of strength and environmental impact. In terms of social sustainability, the design of the structure system can significantly influence the flexibility and use of local resources. However, due to the diversity of sustainable construction, the development of a structural system should be linked to an overarching sustainability concept that takes architecture and stakeholders into account.
Einsatz von Bankettbeton bei schmalen und stark beanspruchten Ortsverbindungs- und Kreisstraßen
(2021)
In der Nachhaltigkeits-Diskussion spielen anthropogene Treibhausgasemissionen durch den von ihnen hervorgerufenen Klimawandel eine entscheidende Rolle. Im Zuge dessen entscheidet sich die Hochschule Technik, Wirtschaft und Gestaltung in Konstanz (HTWG), eine jährliche Treibhausgasbilanzierung zu erstellen. Durch die jährliche Erfassung der hochschulbezogenen Emissionen erfolgt das Monitoring (dt.: Überwachung).
Die Bilanzierung und Überwachung der durch die Hochschule und ihren Betrieb verursachten Treibhausgasemissionen (THG-Emissionen) dienen als Ausgangspunkt für lokalen Klima-schutz. Die wesentlichen Handlungsfelder werden durch das Identifizieren der Hauptursachen für Treibhausgasemissionen ermittelt und setzen den Startpunkt für die Planung, Auswahl und Umsetzung von Klimaschutzaktivitäten. Durch eine langfristige und regelmäßige Überwachung der Emissionen trägt die HTWG auch über ihre lokalen Systemgrenzen hinaus zum gesellschaftlichen Umweltbewusstsein bei.
Um das Erreichen dieses Ziels zu unterstützen, wird im Rahmen der vorliegenden Abschlussarbeit ein Pflichtenheft erstellt. Dieses enthält eine Ausarbeitung über die erforderlichen Organisations- und Arbeitsstrukturen für das Monitoring der THG-Emissionen. Des Weiteren erfolgt mit der Status-Quo-Abschätzung der THG-Emissionen des festgelegten Basisjahres 2019 die erste exemplarische Praxisanwendung des Pflichtenheftes. Das Monitoring wird mit der Zielsetzung einer maßnahmen- und umsetzungsorientierten Anwendung konzeptioniert, dessen jährliche Erhebung mit einem vertretbaren Aufwand zu realisieren ist.
Der Inhalt dieser Arbeit befasst sich mit der Verwendung von regionalen Ressourcen in Form von Erde. Diese soll als Baumaterial unter Anwendung der Stampflehmbauweise für
ökologischeres Bauen dienen. Damit der Baustoff den Ansprüchen heutiger Bauaufgaben gerecht wird, wird untersucht, mit welchen nachhaltigen Methoden die Erde stabilisiert werden kann. Darüber hinaus wird nach einem zukunftsweisenden Fertigungsverfahren
für den Stampflehmbau gesucht. Die Nutzung und Kombination dieser Aspekte bezeichnen wir als Erdbau 4.0, welcher unter anderem für das Maun Sciene Park Projekt in Botswana infrage kommen könnte.
Twenty-first century infrastructure needs to respond to changing demographics, becoming climate neutral, resilient, and economically affordable, while remaining a driver for development and shared prosperity. However, the infrastructure sector remains one of the least innovative and digitalized, plagued by delays, cost overruns, and benefit shortfalls. The authors assessed trends and barriers in the planning and delivery of infrastructure based on secondary research, qualitative
interviews with internationally leading experts, and expert workshops. The analysis concludes that the root-cause of the industry’s problems is the prevailing fragmentation of the infrastructure value chain and a lacking long-term vision for infrastructure. To help overcome these challenges, an integration of the value chain is needed. The authors propose that this could be achieved through a use-case-based, as well as vision and governance-driven creation of federated digital platforms applied to infrastructure projects and outline a concept. Digital platforms enable full-lifecycle participation and responsible governance guided by a shared infrastructure vision. This paper has contributed as policy recommendation to the Group of Twenty (G20) in 2021.