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Urlaub, Urlaub und kein Ende – Die aktuelle Rechtslage auf Basis der Rechtsprechung von EuGH und BAG
(2023)
Die jüngeren Entscheidungen des EuGH sowie des BAG zur Arbeitszeiterfassung haben trotz ihrer eigentlich klaren Aussagen in der betrieblichen Praxis zu teils erheblichen Verunsicherungen geführt: Müssen nun wirklich die Arbeitszeiten der Beschäftigten erfasst werden und wie wirkt sich das auf die in vielen Unternehmen gelebte „Vertrauensarbeitszeit“ aus?
Teilzeitmodelle sind beliebt und haben für viele Mitarbeiter einen ernsten Hintergrund. Ihre Lebensentwürfe lassen schlicht keine andere Form der Arbeit zu. Arbeitgeber sollten einerseits auf die Flexibilisierungswünsche der Betroffenen eingehen, um das Betriebsklima zu fördern und eine Unternehmensbindung herzustellen. Andererseits sind sie aber (mit wenigen Ausnahmen) verpflichtet, Teilzeit zu ermöglichen. Eine Variante ist dabei die Brückenteilzeit, also eine zuvor festgelegte (nur) zeitlich begrenzte Verringerung der Arbeitszeit.
In 3D extended object tracking (EOT), well-established models exist for tracking the object extent using various shape priors. A single update, however, has to be performed for every measurement using these models leading to a high computational runtime for high-resolution sensors. In this paper, we address this problem by using various model-independent downsampling schemes based on distance heuristics and random sampling as pre-processing before the update. We investigate the methods in a simulated and real-world tracking scenario using two different measurement models with measurements gathered from a LiDAR sensor. We found that there is a huge potential for speeding up 3D EOT by dropping up to 95\% of the measurements in our investigated scenarios when using random sampling. Since random sampling, however, can also result in a subset that does not represent the total set very well, leading to a poor tracking performance, there is still a high demand for further research.
Das veränderte Einkaufs- und Konsumverhalten vieler Kunden stellt den Einzelhandel vor große Herausforderungen. Dabei scheint besonders die junge Generation Z, die mit dem Internet, sozialen Medien und digitalen Anwendungen aufgewachsen ist, nicht mehr den traditionellen Konsummustern zu entsprechen und erwartet eine Anpassung des Einzelhandels an ihre Bedürfnisse. Um herauszufinden, welche Anforderungen junge Konsumentinnen und Konsumenten an den Einzelhandel stellen und wie sich diese zwischen verschiedenen Generationen unterscheiden, wurden mehr als 300 Personen aller Altersgruppen befragt. Zu den Schwerpunkten der Untersuchung zählten das Einkaufsverhalten, die Personalisierung von Kommunikation und Angeboten sowie die Nutzung digitaler Services und Technologien im Einzelhandel.
As fish farming is becoming more and more important worldwide, this ongoing project aims at the simulation and test-based analysis of highly stressed wire contacts, as they are found in off-shore fish farm cages in order to make them more reliable. The quasi-static tensile test of a wire mesh provides data for the construction of a finite element model to get a better understanding of the behavior of high-strength stainless steel from which the cages are made. Fatigue tests provide new insights that are used for an adjustment of the finite element model in order to predict the probability of possible damage caused by heavy mechanical loads (waves, storms, predators (sharks)).
This report summarises up-to-date social science evidence on climate communication for effective public engagement. It presents ten key principles that may inform communication activities. At the heart of them is the following insight: People do not form their attitudes or take action as a result primarily of weighing up expert information and making rational cost-benefit calculations. Instead, climate communication has to connect with people at the level of values and emotions.
Two aspects seem to be of special importance: First, climate communication needs to focus more on effectively speaking to people who have up to now not been properly addressed by climate communications, but who are vitally important to build broad public engagement. Second, climate communication has to support a shift from concern to agency, where high levels of climate risk perception turn into pro-climate individual and collective action.
Compliance wirkt, wenn sie in den Köpfen der Menschen ankommt – und wenn sie adaptiv die Themen der Zeit aufgreift.
Eine Führungskräftebefragung der Kommunikationsagentur A&B One, unterstützt vom Zentrum für Wirtschaftsethik (ZfW), zeichnet hierzu ein aktuelles Bild der wichtigen Zielgruppe “Management”. Der Beitrag skizziert die Sicht von Führungsverantwortlichen aller Ebenen auf die viel diskutierte unternehmerische Verantwortung, auf die Wirksamkeit von Compliance-Maßnahmen und auf Compliance-Risiken im Homeoffice. Er gibt Impulse für die Praxis: von Synergien zwischen Purpose und Integrität bis hin zur Förderung von Regelbewusstsein beim (coronabedingten) Remote Working.
Wer schon einmal dicht gedrängt vor der Konzertbühne stand kann sich die aussichtslose Lage, wenn die Stimmung kippt und Panik aufkommt, gut vorstellen. Es ist sehr wichtig, Räume und Events, die zeitweise von sehr vielen Menschen aufgesucht werden, so zu gestalten und zu planen, dass maximale Sicherheit gewährleistet ist. Damit eine öffentliche Veranstaltung reibungslos verläuft ist eine gründliche Planung, also ein qualitativ hochwertiges Crowd Management unabdingbar.
Die Frage „Wozu braucht man das?“ vonseiten der Studierenden oder Aussagen wie „Das habe ich im Beruf später nie mehr benötigt.“ von ehemaligen Studierenden ist den meisten Mathematikdozierenden sehr vertraut. Im Projekt BiLeSA wird dem Wunsch nach Integration von Praxisnähe im Mathematikunterricht mithilfe einer Smartphone-App, welche ausgewählte Themen in der Mathematik anhand von digitalen Bildern sichtbar macht, umgesetzt. Bei den ausgewählten Themen handelt es sich um (affin) lineare Abbildungen, Ableitungen in höheren Raumdimensionen und Potenzen von Komplexen Zahlen. Die Konzeptionierung des Lernobjekts erfolgte mit dem Design Based Research (DBR) Ansatz, welches im Basisprojekt des IBH-Labs „Seamless Learning“ konzipiert und entwickelt wurde.
For decades now, exports and import have grown more rapidly than domestic production. This is a strong indication that, besides the rapid growth of foreign trade in final goods, trade in intermediates is becoming increasingly important. For this reason, an input-output ap-proach is more appropriate for any analysis of diversification than a traditional approach based purely on macroeconomic data.
This article analyses economic diversification in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries using data from input-output tables which are an integral part of the national accounts. We compare the performance of the GCC economies with that of a reference case, Norway, which is considered to have successfully diversified its economy despite having a large oil resource base. It also assesses these countries’ relative progress on sustainable development using a measure of the World Bank, adjusted net savings, which evaluates the true rate of savings in an economy after accounting for investments in physical and human capital, de-pletion of natural resources, and damage from environmental pollution.
The article concludes that GCC countries have, contrary to expectation, collectively per-formed relatively well on diversification, but their performance on sustainable development varies.
This paper describes the rationale and the development of a structured digital approach for measuring corporate environmental sustainability using performance metrics.
It is impossible to imagine today's age without the preservation of our environment, not even in the corporate environment. Currently, sustainability is mostly only rudimentarily considered in companies, mostly only with written down phrases on the website. This will no longer be sufficient in the future, which is why companies should record sustainability on a numerical basis. Based on the development of a workable concept for companies, a small empirical study was carried out, which can be used to numerically measure the sustainability performance of companies. Two utility analyses were completed.
One of them was supplemented by expert interviews. Well-known practitioners from the business world were interviewed and asked for their assessment of ecological performance indicators. The result of the research is an indicator-based concept that can be applied in corporate practice to determine ecological sustainability performance.
In this paper, a novel measurement model based on spherical double Fourier series (DFS) for estimating the 3D shape of a target concurrently with its kinematic state is introduced. Here, the shape is represented as a star-convex radial function, decomposed as spherical DFS. In comparison to ordinary DFS, spherical DFS do not suffer from ambiguities at the poles. Details will be given in the paper. The shape representation is integrated into a Bayesian state estimator framework via a measurement equation. As range sensors only generate measurements from the target side facing the sensor, the shape representation is modified to enable application of shape symmetries during the estimation process. The model is analyzed in simulations and compared to a shape estimation procedure using spherical harmonics. Finally, shape estimation using spherical and ordinary DFS is compared to analyze the effect of the pole problem in extended object tracking (EOT) scenarios.
Im Rahmen des KONTEC Kongresses 2021 in Dresden wurden sowohl ein Poster als auch ein Paper des Forschungsprojekts EKont veröffentlicht. Neben der Schilderung des Versuchsaufbaus werden neuartige Schneidprozesse und Abtragsprinzipien vorgestellt. Im Anschluss daran werden vier Prototypen (gleichsinniger Stufenfräser, gegenläufiger Stufenfräser, mittig gegenläufiger Stufenfräser - Getriebe und oszillierender Werkzeugaufsatz) beschrieben.
We have analyzed a pool of 37,839 articles published in 4,404 business-related journals in the entrepreneurship research field using a novel literature review approach that is based on machine learning and text data mining. Most papers have been published in the journals ‘Small Business Economics’, ‘International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business’, and ‘Sustainability’ (Switzerland), while the sum of citations is highest in the ‘Journal of Business Venturing’, ‘Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice’, and ‘Small Business Economics’. We derived 29 overarching themes based on 52 identified clusters. The social entrepreneurship, development, innovation, capital, and economy clusters represent the largest ones among those with high thematic clarity. The most discussed clusters measured by the average number of citations per assigned paper are research, orientation, capital, gender, and growth. Clusters with the highest average growth in publications per year are social entrepreneurship, innovation, development, entrepreneurship education, and (business-) models. Measured by the average yearly citation rate per paper, the thematic cluster ‘research’, mostly containing literature studies, received most attention. The MLR allows for an inclusion of a significantly higher number of publications compared to traditional reviews thus providing a comprehensive, descriptive overview of the whole research field.
Shared Field, Divided Field
(2020)
Thermal shape memory alloys show extraordinary material properties and can be used as actuators, dampers and sensors. Since their discovery in the middle of the last century they have been investigated and further developed. The majority of the industrial applications with the highest material sales can still be found in the medical industry, where they are used due to their superelastic and thermal shape memory effect, e.g. as stents or as guidewires and tools in the minimal invasive surgery. Particularly in recent years, more and more applications have been developed for other industrial fields, e.g. for the household goods, civil engineering and automotive sector. In this context it is worth mentioning that for the latter sector, million seller series applications have found their way into some European automobile manufacturers. The German VDI guideline for shape memory alloys introduced in 2017 will give the material a further boost in application. Last but not least the new production technologies of additive manufacturing with metal laser sintering plants open up additional applications for these multifunctional materials. This paper gives an overview of the extraordinary material properties of shape memory components, shows examples of different applications and discusses European trends against the background of the most recent standard and new production technologies.