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Sleep is essential to physical and mental health. However, the traditional approach to sleep analysis—polysomnography (PSG)—is intrusive and expensive. Therefore, there is great interest in the development of non-contact, non-invasive, and non-intrusive sleep monitoring systems and technologies that can reliably and accurately measure cardiorespiratory parameters with minimal impact on the patient. This has led to the development of other relevant approaches, which are characterised, for example, by the fact that they allow greater freedom of movement and do not require direct contact with the body, i.e., they are non-contact. This systematic review discusses the relevant methods and technologies for non-contact monitoring of cardiorespiratory activity during sleep. Taking into account the current state of the art in non-intrusive technologies, we can identify the methods of non-intrusive monitoring of cardiac and respiratory activity, the technologies and types of sensors used, and the possible physiological parameters available for analysis. To do this, we conducted a literature review and summarised current research on the use of non-contact technologies for non-intrusive monitoring of cardiac and respiratory activity. The inclusion and exclusion criteria for the selection of publications were established prior to the start of the search. Publications were assessed using one main question and several specific questions. We obtained 3774 unique articles from four literature databases (Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, PubMed, and Scopus) and checked them for relevance, resulting in 54 articles that were analysed in a structured way using terminology. The result was 15 different types of sensors and devices (e.g., radar, temperature sensors, motion sensors, cameras) that can be installed in hospital wards and departments or in the environment. The ability to detect heart rate, respiratory rate, and sleep disorders such as apnoea was among the characteristics examined to investigate the overall effectiveness of the systems and technologies considered for cardiorespiratory monitoring. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of the considered systems and technologies were identified by answering the identified research questions. The results obtained allow us to determine the current trends and the vector of development of medical technologies in sleep medicine for future researchers and research.
Gegenstand der hier vorgestellten Arbeit ist ein Überblick über die Unterschiede zwischen der aktuell in Baden-Württemberg bauaufsichtlich gültigen Erdbebennorm DIN 4149 und der DIN EN 1998-1/NA 2021-07, die Sie künftig ersetzen soll und bereits dem aktuellen Stand der Technik entspricht. Es wird darauf eingegangen, welche Umstände hinter dem Umstieg auf die Europäische Norm und die Neuauflegung des Nationalen Anhangs stehen und ein Faktor ausgearbeitet, mit dem beide Normen direkt verglichen werden können. Zudem werden gängige Berechnungsverfahren zur Ermittlung von Erdbebenbeanspruchungen vorgestellt und anhand des Berechnungsprogramms Minea Design die Unterschiede zwischen vereinfachter 2D-Berechnung und 3D-Berechnung mit finiten Elementen untersucht. Daraus wird eine Aussage darüber abgeleitet, welches der Berechnungsverfahren auf der „sicheren Seite“ liegt und wie sich die Ergebnisse verifizieren lassen. An einem realen Projekt werden diese Erkenntnisse in Form einer Erdbebenbemessung angewandt.
The architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry is currently in transformation. Within this transformation, digitalization has a leading function, whereby a higher level of efficiency is pursued. In order to ensure a coordinated information exchange within the digitalization, the concept of the Common Data Environment (CDE) has been developed in the last years. A CDE is a cloud based collaborative platform that is used to exchange project information and data between the different stakeholders of a construction project. The main objective of this thesis is the implementation of a suitable CDE solution for the purpose of a construction management company.
For this purpose, an evaluation of different CDE software on the market, based on the functions and usability of the different software, has been complied to identify the most suitable solution. Secondly, a concept for the setup and implementation of a CDE solution has been developed. Therefore, advice for a successful change-management has been established to ensure the good implementation of the CDE.
The first part of the thesis includes a literature review through which the current state of the information management in the AEC industry is analyzed. The advantages of a CDE for the information management are also analyzed. Therefore, a synthesis of the functions and requirements to a CDE has been complied.
The second part of the thesis links the concept of Building Information Modelling (BIM) with the CDE. The advantages of a CDE in the BIM process has been established.
The third part of the thesis treats the evaluation of CDE software. This evaluation has been complied with a scoring method. As basis of the evaluation, a requirement list has been developed in which all the required functions of a CDE are listed.
In the fourth part of the thesis, a concept for the establishment of a CDE has been developed. The developed concept is a practical application of the standards specifications to CDE. The concept has been developed with CDE expert and CDE power users. The developed concept treats overall of the structuration, the standardization, and the implementation of a CDE.
The last part treats of the change process engender by the implementation of a CDE.
Summary, this thesis provides a structure for the implementation of a CDE software and serves as framework for companies of the AEC industry to select and establish a CDE.
Digitalisierung im Bauwesen
(2023)
Online-Reisebewertungsplattformen sind der Treffpunkt für Touristen, um ihre Erlebnisse zu teilen und einander zu beeinflussen. Die Untersuchung des Besuchererlebnisses beim Besuch eines Museums kann sich positiv auf die Museumsentwicklung auswirken. In dieser Arbeit wurde eine qualitative Inhaltsanalyse verwendet, um die positiven und negativen Aspekte von Museumsbesuchen im indonesischen Nationalmuseum zu untersuchen. Durch die Datenanalyse von 420 TripAdvisor-Bewertungen des Nationalmuseums wurden die Aspekte ermittelt, die zur Zufriedenheit oder Unzufriedenheit der Besucher beitragen. Dadurch werden Museumsfachleute in die Lage versetzt, Museumsbesuche weiterzuentwickeln und zu verbessern.
Das Ergebnis dieser Studie zeigt, dass es 12 wichtige Themen gibt, die direkt mit der Erlebniswelt der Besucher im Museum verbunden sind, nämlich Ausstellungsdesign, Museumsidentität, First-hand Experience, Zugänglichkeit, Dienstleistungsumfeld, Architektur, Orientierung und Beschilderung, Annehmlichkeiten, Führungen, Wartungsarbeiten, Geschenkladen und Café, Mitarbeiter. Zu den positiven Aspekten der 12 Themen gehören die umfassenden Sammlungen, die Ausstellungsgestaltung, die Möglichkeit, Neues zu lernen, die günstigen Eintrittspreise, die strategische Lage des Museums, die informativen Museumsführer und die Dienstleistungen für eine Vielzahl von Museumsbesuchern. Bei den negativen Aspekten des Museums konzentrierten sich die Klagen der Besucher im Allgemeinen auf den Mangel an Interaktivität, Beschreibung, Kontext und Beleuchtung der Exponate. Darüber hinaus beklagten sich die Besucher über die Überfüllung an den Wochenenden, die ungepflegten Toiletten, das Verhalten des Personals und die Renovierungsarbeiten, die während der Öffnungszeiten des Museums durchgeführt wurden. Zur Verbesserung der Besuchsqualität sollte das Museum die Interaktivität und die Pflege der Sammlungen intensivieren, eine bessere Beleuchtung installieren, ausführliche Informationen über die Exponate bereitstellen, den Kundenservice und Mitarbeiterschulungen verbessern, Führungen für Kinder anbieten und einen offiziellen Museumsladen eröffnen.