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This paper presents the integration of a spline based extension model into a probability hypothesis density (PHD) filter for extended targets. Using this filter the position and extension of each object as well as the number of present objects can jointly be estimated. Therefore, the spline extension model and the PHD filter are addressed and merged in a Gaussian mixture (GM) implementation. Simulation results using artificial laser measurements are used to evaluate the performance of the presented filter. Finally, the results are illustrated and discussed.
The Lake Constance region is due to its scenic attractiveness one of the most visited destinations in German-speaking countries. Scenic attractiveness as well as so-called landscape stereotypes also play a decisive role in tourism marketing. Tour operators reproduce supra-individual landscape concepts and establish mental geographies that ultimately influence the choice of destinations. A growing trend in tourism is the emergence of creative narratives in tourism marketing and tourism offers induced by creative companies. By means of a discourse-analytical investigation, whose theoretical and conceptual frame of reference is the hegemony and discourse theory of Laclau and Mouffe (1985), recurring landscape stereotypes are identified in tourist promotional material for the destination Bodensee. Based on these results as well as expert interviews with regional tourism stakeholders, a discussion of the creative economic potential for regional tourism marketing will take place. The investigation shows that these potentials are currently not being exhausted. At the same time, creative tourism can help a rural region, such as Lake Constance, to position itself as an alternative to city tourism, while at the same time addressing the lucrative target group 60plus.
Low temperature carburizing of a series of austenitic stainless with various combinations of chromium and nickel equivalents was performed. The investigation of the response towards low temperature carburized for three stainless steels with various Cr- and Ni-equivalents showed that the carbon uptake depends significantly on the chemical composition of the base material. The higher carbon content in the expanded austenite layer of specimen 6 (1.4565) and specimen 4 (1.4539/AISI 904L) compared to specimen 2 (1.4404/AISI 316L) is assumed to be mainly related to the difference in the specimens’ chromium content. More chromium leads to more lattice expansion. Along with the higher carbon content, higher hardness values and higher compressive residual stresses in the expanded austenite zone are introduced than for low temperature carburized AISI 316L. The residual stresses obtained from X-ray diffraction lattice strain investigation depend strongly on the chosen X-ray elastic constants. Presently, no values are known for carbon (or nitrogen) stabilized expanded austenite. Nevertheless, first principle elastic constants for γ′&minus Fe4C appear to provide realistic residual stress values. Magnetic force microscopy and measurement with an eddy current probe indicate that austenitic stainless steels can become ferromagnetic upon carburizing, similar for low temperature nitriding. The apparent transition from para- to ferromagnetism cannot be attributed entirely to the interstitially dissolved carbon content in the formed expanded austenite layer but appears to depend also on the metallic composition of the alloy, in particular the Ni content.
Flooded Edge Gateways
(2019)
Increasing numbers of internet-compatible devices, in particular in the context of IoT, usually cause increasing amounts of data. The processing and analysis of a continuously growing amount of data in real-time by means of cloud platforms cannot be guaranteed anymore. Approaches of Edge Computing decentralize parts of the data analysis logics towards the data sources in order to control the data transfer rate to the cloud through pre-processing with predefined quality-of-service parameters. In this paper, we present a solution for preventing overloaded gateways by optimizing the transfer of IoT data through a combination of Complex Event Processing and Machine Learning. The presented solution is completely based on open-source technologies and can therefore also be used in smaller companies.
This article describes a research project that aims at investigating individual entrepreneurial founders concerning their shift tendencies of decision-making logics - especially during the respective phases of the venture creating process. Prior studies found that team founders show a hybrid perspective on strategic decision-making. They not only combine causation (planning-based) and effectuation (flexible) logics but also show logic shifts and also re-shifts over time. Due to the fact, that founders' social identity shapes early structuring processes, this article describes the necessity of elimination of in-group influences of multi-founding ventures and focus on individuals in order to make specific assessments on logic shifts and re-shifts. Based on an extensive literature review, a pre-selection-test and a qualitative case study design from the empirical body of the paper. Insofar, this study applies a qualitative design of a process research approach to investigate shifts of decision-making logics of individual founders in new venture creation over time.
Methodology
(2019)
Chapter three introduces the methodology of the study and the research design. Its nested, multi-layered methodological concept constitutes one of the major innovations of the book and enables us to map and measure peacebuilding activities of Christian church actors in the conflicts of Mindanao and Maluku (Ambon). The methodological concept draws from Katzenstein’s “analytic eclecticism,” which transcends the rigidity of existing research schools and seeks to fuse elements of several approaches into a new research agenda. The nested, multi-layered analysis of this book seamlessly combines process tracing, discourse analysis, statistical analysis of primary data generated in two field surveys, Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA), and statistical regression analysis.
This PhD investigation lies at the intersection of Architecture, Textile Design and Interaction Design and speculates about sustainable forms of future living, focussing on bionic principles to create alternative lightweight building structures with textiles and digital fabrication techniques. In an interdisciplinary, practice- based design approach, informed by radical case studies from the 1960s to 80s on soft architectures like Archigram, Buckminster Fuller, Cedric Price, or Yona Friedman and critical theory on new materialism, (D. Haraway 1997, K. Barad 1998, J. Bennett 2007) sociological, philosophical (B. Latour 2005, G.Deleuze F., Guattari F 1987) and phenomenological thinkers (L. Malafouris 2005, J.Rancière 2004, B. Massumi 2002, N. Bourriaud 2002 , M. Merleau-Ponty 1963) this research investigates the cultural and social rootedness (Verortung) of novel materials and technologies, exploring in between prosthetic relations between the body and the environment.
Generative Design Software - How does digitalization change the professional profile of architects
(2019)
Abstract, Poster und Vortrag
Engineering and management
(2019)
The reliable supply of energy is an essential prerequisite for the economic success of a country. Questions of sustainability and the replacement of import dependencies require new tasks with new approaches. This contribution provides an overview of dependencies using the example of German electrical power grids integrating renewable energies. Aspects of energy trading and grid stability are brought into connection, stock exchange trading, grid codes and volatility of used primary energies are discussed.
Vortrag und Abstract
Some 165 global experts and specialists from industry and academic institutes met at the 8th Metallization & Interconnection Workshop (MIW2019) that took place from 13 to 14 May 2019 in Konstanz, Germany. Participants from 19 countries debated results of 28 oral and 11 poster presentations.
All presentations are available on www.metallizationworkshop.info as pdf documents. As in previous editions, lots of room was available for discussions and networking during the two-days program which included panel and market-place discussions as well as social events (reception, workshop dinner).
These proceedings contain: a summary of the oral and poster presentations, the results of the survey conducted during the workshop, and peer-reviewed papers based on workshop contributions.
This paper summarizes the trends in metallization and interconnection technology in the eyes of the participants of the 8th Metallization and Interconnection Workshop. Participants were asked in a questionnaire to share their view on the future development of metallization technology, the kind of metal used for front side metallization and the future development of interconnection technology. The continuous improvement of the screen-printing technology is reflected in the high expected percentage share decreasing from 88% in three years to still 70% in ten years. The dominating front side metal in the view of the participants will be silver with an expected percentage share of nearly 70% in 2029. Regarding interconnection technologies, the experts of the workshop expect new technologies to gain significant technology shares faster. Whereas in three years soldering on busbars is expected to dominate with a percentage share of 71% it will drop in ten years to 35% in the eyes of the participants. Multiwire and shingling technologies are seen to have the highest potential with expected percentage shares of 33% (multiwire) and 16% (shingling) in ten years.
Summary of the 8th Workshop on Metallization and Interconnection for Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells
(2019)
This article gives a summary of the 8th Metallization and Interconnection workshop and attempts to place each contribution in the appropriate context. The field of metallization and interconnection continues to progress at a very fast pace. Several printing techniques can now achieve linewidths below 20 μm. Screen printing is more than ever the dominating metallization technology in the industry, with finger widths of 45 μm in routine mass production and values below 20 μm in the lab. Plating technology is also being improved, particularly through the development of lower cost patterning techniques. Interconnection technology is changing fast, with introduction in mass production of multiwire and shingled cells technologies. New models and characterization techniques are being introduced to study and understand in detail these new interconnection technologies.
We present an innovative decision support system (DSS) for distribution system operators (DSO) based on an artificial neural network (ANN). A trained ANN has the ability to recognize problem patterns and to propose solutions that can be implemented directly in real time grid management. The principle functionality of this ANN based optimizer has been demonstrated by means of a simple virtual electrical grid. For this grid, the trained ANN predicted the solution minimizing the total line power dissipation in 98 percent of the cases considered. In 99 percent of the cases, a valid solution in compliance with the specified operating conditions was found. First ANN tests on a more realistic grid, calibrated with household load measurements, revealed a prediction rate between 88 and 90 percent depending on the optimization criteria. This approach promises a faster, more cost-efficient and potentially secure method to support distribution system operators in grid management.
We present an alternative approach to grid management in low voltage grids by the use of artificial intelligence. The developed decision support system is based on an artificial neural network (ANN). Due to the fast reaction time of our system, real time grid management will be possible. Remote controllable switches and tap changers in transformer stations are used to actively manage the grid infrastructure. The algorithm can support the distribution system operators to keep the grid in a safe state at any time. Its functionality is demonstrated by a case study using a virtual test grid. The ANN achieves a prediction rate of around 90% for the different grid management strategies. By considering the four most likely solutions proposed by the ANN, the prediction rate increases to 98.8%, with a 0.1 second increase in the running time of the model.
A physics lab-setup has been developed for engineering students in their first year at university. The so-called LabTeamCoaching helps to improve general lab skills, such as preparing an experiment, writing a documentation, using graphs and drawing conclusions. By using a flipped classroom approach, students get better involved than in our former physics labs when we applied classical methods. This approach will be described and an overview of our 10 years of experience using this method will be given.
One important skill for engineers is the ability of optimizing their experiments. On their job they will often spend a lot more time designing and improving an experimental setup compared to running the actual experiment itself. Is it possible to teach this complex task in physics labs? A method for reaching this goal is proposed an example is given and discussed.