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Die energetische Sanierung von Gebäuden ist von großer Relevanz, um die gesetzlichen Klimaziele zu erreichen. Die Methode des seriellen Sanierens spielt hierbei eine wichtige Rolle. Sie gilt als ganzheitliche Maßnahme zur energetischen Aufwertung von Bestandsgebäuden, durch die nicht nur die Gebäudehülle und die Anlagentechnik, wie etwa das Heizungssystem, effektiv verbessert werden, sondern auch eine Integration von Anlagen zur Strom- und Warmwasseraufbereitung erfolgt. Bei der seriellen Sanierung wird, in Anlehnung an die Industrie und an die modulare Bauweise, eine Vorfertigung der Fassaden-
und Dachelemente durchgeführt. Im Nachgang werden die einzelnen Bauelemente und Anlagen montiert bzw. installiert. Durch die Auslagerung der Produktion und durch die Vorfertigung der Elemente besteht das Potenzial, die Montagezeit und die damit verbundenen Einschränkungen vor Ort für die Bewohner deutlich zu reduzieren.
Misbehave like Nobody’s Watching? Investor Attention to Corporate Misconduct and its Implications
(2023)
Healthy and good sleep is a prerequisite for a rested mind and body. Both form the basis for physical and mental health. Healthy sleep is hindered by sleep disorders, the medically diagnosed frequency of which increases sharply from the age of 40. This chapter describes the formal specification of an on-course practical implementation for a non-invasive system based on biomedical signal processing to support the diagnosis and treatment of sleep-related diseases. The system aims to continuously monitor vital data during sleep in a patient’s home environment over long periods by using non-invasive technologies. At the center of the development is the MORPHEUS Box (MoBo), which consists of five main conceptualizations: the MoBo core, the MoBo-HW, the MoBo algorithm, the MoBo API, and the MoBo app. These synergistic elements aim to support the diagnosis and treatment of sleep-related diseases. Although there are related developments in individual aspects concerning the system, no comparative approach is known that gives a similar scope of functionality, deployment flexibility, extensibility, or the possibility to use multiple user groups. With the specification provided in this chapter, the MORPHEUS project sets a good platform, data model, and transmission strategies to bring an innovative proposal to measure sleep quality and detect sleep diseases from non-invasive sensors.
With the advancement in sensor technology and the trend shift of health measurement from treatment after diagnosis to abnormalities detection long before the occurrence, the approach of turning private spaces into diagnostic spaces has gained much attention. In this work, we designed and implemented a low-cost and compact form factor module that can be deployed on the steering wheel of cars as well as most frequently touch objects at home in order to measure physiological signals from the fingertip of the subject as well as environmental parameters. We estimated the heart rate and SpO2 with the error of 2.83 bpm and 3.52%, respectively. The signal evaluation of skin temperature shows a promising output with respect to environmental recalibration. In addition, the electrodermal activity sensor followed the reference signal, appropriately which indicates the potential for further development and application in stress measurement.
The perception of the amount of stress is subjective to every person, and the perception of it changes depending on many factors. One of the factors that has an impact on perceived stress is the emotional state. In this work, we compare the emotional state of 40 German driving students and present different partitions that can be advantageous for using artificial intelligence and classification. Like this, we evaluate the data quality and prepare for the specific use. The Stress Perceived Questionnaire (PSQ20) was employed to assess the level of stress experienced by individuals while participating in a driving simulation for 5 and 25 min. As a result of our analysis, we present a categorisation of various emotional states into intervals, comparing different classifications and facilitating a more straightforward implementation of artificial intelligence for classification purposes.
Evaluation of a Contactless Accelerometer Sensor System for Heart Rate Monitoring During Sleep
(2024)
The monitoring of a patient's heart rate (HR) is critical in the diagnosis of diseases. In the detection of sleep disorders, it also plays an important role. Several techniques have been proposed, including using sensors to record physiological signals that are automatically examined and analysed. This work aims to evaluate using a contactless HR monitoring system based on an accelerometer sensor during sleep. For this purpose, the oscillations caused by chest movements during heart contractions are recorded by an installation mounted under the bed mattress. The processing algorithm presented in this paper filters the signals and determines the HR. As a result, an average error of about 5 bpm has been documented, i.e., the system can be considered to be used for the forecasted domain.
Infrastructure-making in interwar India was a dynamic, multilayered process involving roads and vehicles in urban and rural sites. One of their strongest playgrounds was Bombay Presidency and the Central Provinces in central and western India. Focusing on this region in the interwar period, this paper analyzes the varied relationship between peasant households and town-centred modernizing agents in the making of road transport infrastructures. The central argument of this paper is about the persistence of bullock carts over motor cars in the region. This persistence was grounded in the specific regional environment, the effects of the 1930s economic depression, and the priorities of social classes. Pinpointing these connections, the paper highlights that “modernization” of infrastructure was not a simple, linear process of progressivist change, nor did it mean the survival of apparently “old” technologies in the modern era. Instead, the paper pays attention to conflicting social complexities, implications, and meanings of the connection between infrastructure and modernity that modernization assumptions often overlook. Here, the paper shows how technological change occurred as a result of real, material class interests pulling infrastructural technology in different directions. This was where and why arguments of road-motor lobbyists and cart advocates eventually clashed, and Gandhian social workers resisted motor transport in defense of peasant interests.
In the digital age, information technology (IT) is a strategic asset for organizations. As a result, the IT costs are rising, and the cost-effective management of IT is crucial. Nevertheless, organizations still face major challenges and former studies lack comprehensiveness and depth. The goal of this paper is to generate a deep and holistic view on current management challenges of IT costs. In 15 expert interviews, we identify 23 challenges divided into 7 categories. The main challenges are to ensure transparency on IT cost information, to demonstrate the business impact of IT as well as to change the mindset for the value of IT and overcoming them requires attention to their interactions. Hence, this paper leads to a better understanding of the issues that IT cost management (ITCM) faces in the digital age and builds a base for future research.
Nowadays, organizations must invest strategically in information technology (IT) and choose the right digital initiatives to maximize their benefit. Nevertheless, Chief Information Officers still struggle to communicate IT costs and demonstrate the business value of IT. The goal of this paper is to support their effective communication. In focus groups, we analyzed how different stakeholders perceive IT costs and the business value of IT as the basis of communication. We identified 16 success factors to establish effective communication. Hence, this paper enables a better understanding of the perception and the operationalization of effective communication.