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Stress is recognized as a factor of predominant disease and in the future the costs for treatment will increase. The presented approach tries to detect stress in a very basic and easy to implement way, so that the cost for the device and effort to wear it remain low. The user should benefit from the fact that the system offers an easy interface reporting the status of his body in real time. In parallel, the system provides interfaces to pass the obtained data forward for further processing and (professional) analyses, in case the user agrees. The system is designed to be used in every day’s activities and it is not restricted to laboratory use or environments. The implementation of the enhanced prototype shows that the detection of stress and the reporting can be managed using correlation plots and automatic pattern recognition even on a very light-weighted microcontroller platform.
Digital cameras are subject to physical, electronic and optic effects that result in errors and noise in the image. These effects include for example a temperature dependent dark current, read noise, optical vignetting or different sensitivities of individual pixels. The task of a radiometric calibration is to reduce these errors in the image and thus improve the quality of the overall application. In this work we present an algorithm for radiometric calibration based on Gaussian processes. Gaussian processes are a regression method widely used in machine learning that is particularly useful in our context. Then Gaussian process regression is used to learn a temperature and exposure time dependent mapping from observed gray-scale values to true light intensities for each pixel. Regression models based on the characteristics of single pixels suffer from excessively high runtime and thus are unsuitable for many practical applications. In contrast, a single regression model for an entire image with high spatial resolution leads to a low quality radiometric calibration, which also limits its practical use. The proposed algorithm is predicated on a partitioning of the pixels such that each pixel partition can be represented by one single regression model without quality loss. Partitioning is done by extracting features from the characteristic of each pixel and using them for lexicographic sorting. Splitting the sorted data into partitions with equal size yields the final partitions, each of which is represented by the partition centers. An individual Gaussian process regression and model selection is done for each partition. Calibration is performed by interpolating the gray-scale value of each pixel with the regression model of the respective partition. The experimental comparison of the proposed approach to classical flat field calibration shows a consistently higher reconstruction quality for the same overall number of calibration frames.
Der Begriff Schatten-IT beschreibt Systeme, die außerhalb des Verantwortungsbereiches der IT durch die Fachabteilung eigenständig entwickelt und betrieben werden. Obwohl dieses Phänomen weit verbreitet ist, blieb diese Schatten-IT in Wissenschaft und in Praxis lange unbeachtet. Seit einiger Zeit ist eine verstärkte Auseinandersetzung mit dem Phänomen erkennbar. Jedoch gibt es bisher nur wenige empirisch gestützte Erkenntnisse über die Schatten-IT. Diese Lücke wird in dem vorliegenden Beitrag angegangen. Auf Basis von vier Fallstudien werden die Verbreitung, Verwendung und die Qualität der Schatten-IT ermittelt. Dabei zeigt sich, dass die Schatten-IT mit durchaus erheblichen Risiken verbunden sein kann. Demgegenüber bleibt die Qualität jedoch merklich zurück. Erkennbar ist dabei auch, dass die Schatten-IT nicht im Blickfeld der Kontrollsysteme der Unternehmen erscheint. Durch Maßnahmen wie die Steigerung der Awareness der Schatten-IT im Unternehmen sowie eine Entwicklung der Schatten-IT hin zu einer gesteuerten Fachbereichs-IT lassen sich die Risiken wirksam reduzieren. Zudem sind die Kontrollsysteme der Unternehmen so anzupassen, dass auch die Schatten-IT in diesen sichtbar wird.
Shadow IT risk
(2015)
Nowadays, the number of flexible and fast human to application system interactions is dramatically increasing. For instance, citizens interact with the help of the internet to organize surveys or meetings (in real-time) spontaneously. These interactions are supported by technologies and application systems such as free wireless networks, web -or mobile apps. Smart Cities aim at enabling their citizens to use these digital services, e.g., by providing enhanced networks and application infrastructures maintained by the public administration. However, looking beyond technology, there is still a significant lack of interaction and support between "normal" citizens and the public administration. For instance, democratic decision processes (e.g. how to allocate public disposable budgets) are often discussed by the public administration without citizen involvement. This paper introduces an approach, which describes the design of enhanced interactional web applications for Smart Cities based on dialogical logic process patterns. We demonstrate the approach with the help of a budgeting scenario as well as a summary and outlook on further research.
Besides energy efficiency, product quality is gaining importance in the design of drying processes for sensitive biological foodstuffs. The influence of drying parameters on the drying kinetics of apples has been extensively investigated; the information about effects on product quality available in literature however, is often contradictory. Furthermore quality changes obtained applying different drying parameters are usually hard to compare. As most quality changes can be expressed as zero, first or second order reactions and mainly depend on drying air temperature and drying time, it would be desirable to cross-check the results in function thereof. This paper introduces a method of quality determination using a new reference value, the cumulated thermal load. It is defined as the time integral of the product surface temperature and improves the comparability of quality changes obtained by different experimental settings in drying of apples and tomatoes. It could be shown that quality parameters like color changes and shrinkage during apple drying and the content of temperature sensitive acids in tomatoes vary linearly with the integral of product temperature over time.