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This work presents a new concept to implement the elliptic curve point multiplication (PM). This computation is based on a new modular arithmetic over Gaussian integer fields. Gaussian integers are a subset of the complex numbers such that the real and imaginary parts are integers. Since Gaussian integer fields are isomorphic to prime fields, this arithmetic is suitable for many elliptic curves. Representing the key by a Gaussian integer expansion is beneficial to reduce the computational complexity and the memory requirements of secure hardware implementations, which are robust against attacks. Furthermore, an area-efficient coprocessor design is proposed with an arithmetic unit that enables Montgomery modular arithmetic over Gaussian integers. The proposed architecture and the new arithmetic provide high flexibility, i.e., binary and non-binary key expansions as well as protected and unprotected PM calculations are supported. The proposed coprocessor is a competitive solution for a compact ECC processor suitable for applications in small embedded systems.
Shared Field, Divided Field
(2020)
In my research sabbatical I was working on three different topics, namely orthogonal polynomials in geometric modeling, re-parametrized univariate subdivision curves, and reconstruction of 3d-fish-models and other zoological artifacts. In the subsequent Sections, I will describe my particular activity in these different fields. The sections are meant to present an overview of my research activities, leaving out the technical details.
Section 1 is on orthogonal polynomials and other related generating systems for functions systems of smooth function.
In Section 2, I will discuss the application of various re-parametrization schemes for interpolatory subdivision algorithms for the generation of space curves.
The next Section 3 is concerned with my research at the University of Queensland, Brisbane, in collaboration with Dr. Ulrike Siebeck from the School of Biomedical Sciences on fish behavior and reconstruction of 3d-fish models in particular.
In the last Section 4, I will describe what effects this research will have on in my subsequent teaching at the University of Applied Science Konstanz (HTWG).
The actual task of electrocardiographic examinations is to increase the reliability of diagnosing the condition of the heart. Within the framework of this task, an important direction is the solution of the inverse problem of electrocardiography, based on the processing of electrocardiographic signals of multichannel cardio leads at known electrode coordinates in these leads (Titomir et al. Noninvasiv electrocardiotopography, 2003), (Macfarlane et al. Comprehensive Electrocardiology, 2nd ed. (Chapter 9), 2011).
Forecasting is crucial for both system planning and operations in the energy sector. With increasing penetration of renewable energy sources, increasing fluctuations in the power generation need to be taken into account. Probabilistic load forecasting is a young, but emerging research topic focusing on the prediction of future uncertainties. However, the majority of publications so far focus on techniques like quantile regression, ensemble, or scenario-based methods, which generate discrete quantiles or sets of possible load curves. The conditioned probability distribution remains unknown and can only be estimated when the output is post-processed using a statistical method like kernel density estimation.
Instead, the proposed probabilistic deep learning model uses a cascade of transformation functions, known as normalizing flow, to model the conditioned density function from a smart meter dataset containing electricity demand information for over 4,000 buildings in Ireland. Since the whole probability density function is tractable, the parameters of the model can be obtained by minimizing the negative loglikelihood through the state of the art gradient descent. This leads to the model with the best representation of the data distribution.
Two different deep learning models have been compared, a simple three-layer fully connected neural network and a more advanced convolutional neural network for sequential data processing inspired by the WaveNet architecture. These models have been used to parametrize three different probabilistic models, a simple normal distribution, a Gaussian mixture model, and the normalizing flow model. The prediction horizon is set to one day with a resolution of 30 minutes, hence the models predict 48 conditioned probability distributions.
The normalizing flow model outperforms the two other variants for both architectures and proves its ability to capture the complex structures and dependencies causing the variations in the data. Understanding the stochastic nature of the task in such detail makes the methodology applicable for other use cases apart from forecasting. It is shown how it can be used to detect anomalies in the power grid or generate synthetic scenarios for grid planning.
In order to elaborate inflation and deflation tendencies due to the COVID-19 pandemic and how they are tried to be actively influenced, this paper compares news regarding the measurements of central banks in Europe, USA and Japan. Factors affecting inflation are defined in conjunction with the typical measurements of central banks and conclusions are drawn in respect to differences of the most recent correcting behavior. The paper is concluded by discussing how price levels might develop during and after the crisis.
Botswana, a new construction project – the Maun Science Park - is to be built with a focus on sustainability and to create a new living space for the rapidly growing population in Africa. The project will be a blueprint for future projects in Africain terms of progress, technology and sustainability. This thesis will deal with its financial framework and will serve as a basis for the development of ways and means of financing such projects.
We have analyzed a pool of 37,839 articles published in 4,404 business-related journals in the entrepreneurship research field using a novel literature review approach that is based on machine learning and text data mining. Most papers have been published in the journals ‘Small Business Economics’, ‘International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business’, and ‘Sustainability’ (Switzerland), while the sum of citations is highest in the ‘Journal of Business Venturing’, ‘Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice’, and ‘Small Business Economics’. We derived 29 overarching themes based on 52 identified clusters. The social entrepreneurship, development, innovation, capital, and economy clusters represent the largest ones among those with high thematic clarity. The most discussed clusters measured by the average number of citations per assigned paper are research, orientation, capital, gender, and growth. Clusters with the highest average growth in publications per year are social entrepreneurship, innovation, development, entrepreneurship education, and (business-) models. Measured by the average yearly citation rate per paper, the thematic cluster ‘research’, mostly containing literature studies, received most attention. The MLR allows for an inclusion of a significantly higher number of publications compared to traditional reviews thus providing a comprehensive, descriptive overview of the whole research field.
Throughout this thesis, the implementation of tools for knowledge management as a key factor for sustainable corporate development, is presented. In industries with a high fluc-tuation rate, such as construction, efficient knowledge management is of particular im-portance. Companies feel the effects of negligent handling of this resource especially dur-ing the Corona pandemic. Restructuring leads to experienced employees leaving the com-pany – and with them the know-how and experience gained. With a systematic knowledge transfer, the most important insights in such situations remain within the or-ganization. Thus, the company becomes crisis-proof and receives all the tools it needs to grow healthily again after the recession. Practical data from competitors indicates that knowledge management promises savings potential of several million euros per year for BAM. Further potentials in the areas of sustainability, customer- and employee satisfac-tion as well as occupational safety, which do not lead to savings, are also worth mention-ing. This thesis determines the current maturity level of knowledge management at BAM, before introducing processes and systems that successively drive the improvement. The developed methods simultaneously help to prevent and solve problems and systematical-ly promote the continuous improvement of all work processes in the company.
Detailed steps are presented to carry out change management towards the successful introduction and further development of knowledge management at BAM. A major focus is on interpersonal factors. The related topic of knowledge culture was recently ranked by german think-tank Zukunftsinstitut as one of the top 5 megatrends for companies in the 2020s. The methods developed, contribute to the creation of such a culture and to the transformation of BAM towards a learning organization. Knowledge management identi-fies with the BAM values. In the course of this thesis it will be shown how the system by its very nature, helps to implement these values in the work of every employee.
The results of this elaboration were recently awarded the Digital Construction Award 2020 for Business Excellence at BAM Deutschland AG.
Diese Bachelorarbeit behandelt die Prozessoptimierung des Bemusterungsprozesses mithilfe Lean und agilen Methoden. Die Arbeit orientiert sich dabei an dem Unternehmen Ed. Züblin AG und deren vorhandenen Möglichkeiten. Das Konzept lässt sich jedoch mindestens zu teilen mit den nötigen Anpassungen auf andere Unternehmen und Projekte übertragen. Mithilfe einer Wertstromanalyse und Interviews wurde der Ist-Prozess aufgezeigt. Dabei kamen verschiedene Durchführungen der Bemusterungen im Unternehmen mit unterschiedlichen Problemen zum Vorschein. Unter anderem gab es durch fehlende oder falsche Planung ständige Anforderungsänderungen, Lücken in der Durchführung und Einschränkungen in der Kommunikation. Eine Umstrukturierung des Prozessablaufes, Anpassungen in der Planung mithilfe von Sprints und Überlegungen zur Organisation und den Mitarbeitern sollen die Probleme in den Griff bekommen. Dieser Beitrag soll somit eine Aufklärung zur Bemusterung sein und Anreize und Ideen zur Verbesserung liefern.
Cities around the world are facing an increasing number of global and local challenges, such as climate change and scarcity of raw materials. At the same time trends like digitalization, globalization and networking gain in importance. For this reason, cities have started imple-menting smart solutions within the urban structure in order to evolve towards a Smart City. In Botswana, the Maun Science Park is intended to provide a best practice approach for a Bot-swanan Smart City. Since Smart City concepts have to be specifically tailored to local condi-tions, the first main goal of this thesis is to develop a synthesis concept for the Maun Science Park. A key problem in cities is the utilization of space, which is further intensified by increasing urbanization and population growth. Therefore, the second main goal is to develop approaches of (digitally) re-programmable space to use available areas intelligently and optimized.
Within the thesis, human-centered design has been applied as structure-giving methodology. By clarifying relevant Smart City contents, considering reference examples as well as identify-ing local challenges and requirements, an appropriate concept has been developed with hu-man-focus. Furthermore, the methodologies of literature research and expert interviews have been used as input in the individual human-centered design phases. In combination with an innovation funnel, the methodology human-centered design forms the structure of the thesis.
In total, ten main solution areas and 37 sub-segments have been identified for the synthesis concept of Maun Science Park. Additionally, a concept for Smart Buildings has been devel-oped as a part of the synthesis concept and as an essential infrastructure component of the Maun Science Park (three main segments, 16 sub-segments). Based on expert input, a priori-tization has been determined by evaluating the impact and economic affordability of the indi-vidual sub-areas. Moreover, individual key areas have been highlighted by identifying direct interactions between sub-segments and on the basis of expert input – these are particularly related to the segments Smart Data and Smart People. Besides the synthesis concept, ap-proaches of (digitally) re-programmable space have been created. Thereby, ten approaches refer to the conversion, reuse or expansion abilities of space within daily, weekly or life cycle. In addition, the conventional (digitally) re-programmable space idea has been extended by two new considerations – “multi-purpose use of built-up space” and “concept programming in the planning phase”. Finally, within an overall consideration – synthesis concept combined with approaches of (digitally) re-programmable space – the added value of the developed contents has been outlined, positive and negative aspects have been identified within a SWOT analysis and the business model of the Maun Science Park approach has been verified in a Business Model Canvas.
Through explicit elaboration, classification and prioritization of solution areas, the developed concept can serve as a basis for further project steps. Based on the defined requirements of the sub-segments, solutions can be developed with regard to the entire Smart City context.
Jahresbericht 2020
(2020)
Durch die zunehmende Vernetzung und den Anstieg von eingesetzter Hard- und Software hat sich die Komplexität der Unternehmensarchitektur von Unternehmen über die Jahre stetig erhöht. Das Aufkommen nutzerfreundlicher Informationstechnologie (IT)-Lösungen befähigt außerdem Fachbereiche, IT innovativ einzusetzen. Dies erhöht die Heterogenität und damit nochmals die Komplexität der Unternehmensarchitektur. Darüber hinaus treibt dieser IT-Einsatz die Digitalisierung in den Unternehmen maßgeblich voran. Dies wirft die Frage auf, ob Unternehmen überhaupt noch eine Relevanz in der Reduktion der Komplexität durch IT-Integration sehen oder ob dies vor dem Hintergrund der Digitalisierung schon ein alter Hut ist. Experteninterviews und eine qualitative Datenanalyse zeigen, dass IT-Integration und Digitalisierung keine disjunkten Phänomene sind, sondern sich gegenseitig beeinflussen. Die Ergebnisse betonen, wie unterschiedlich der Begriff aufgefasst werden kann und dass die einheitliche Nutzung damit essenziell ist. Darüber hinaus zeigen sie, dass Digitalisierung einerseits Treiber der IT-Integration ist, andererseits aber auch die Möglichkeiten zur Umsetzung verändert. Dabei ist die Integrationsentscheidung durch die Vielzahl an Vor- und Nachteile komplex. Fachbereichs-IT ist selten explizites Ziel von IT-Integrationsprojekten. Der Beitrag zeigt den wissenschaftlichen Forschungsbedarf in neuen technologischen Möglichkeiten zur IT-Integration und in der Balance von Flexibilität und IT-Integration in der Unternehmensarchitektur. Er beleuchtet, dass eine gemeinsame Sprache die Basis für IT-Integrationsprojekte ist und dass eine Kultur, in der Fachbereiche aktiv an IT-Integrationsentscheidungen teilhaben, das Ziel eines jeden Unternehmens sein sollte. Insgesamt zeigen die Analysen, dass IT-Integration noch lange kein alter Hut, sondern, im Gegenteil, brandaktuell ist.
Sabbatical semester report
(2020)
Kleine und mittelständische Unternehmen (KMU) sind bekannt für ihre Innovationskraft und bilden das Rückgrat der deutschen Wirtschaft. Wie Studien zeigen sind sie in Bezug auf Compliance-Maßnahmen im Vergleich zu
kapitalmarktorientierten Unternehmen jedoch im Rückstand. Eine gesonderte Betrachtung der IT-Compliance erfolgt dabei in den Studien in der Regel nicht. Auch wenn zu den Gründen und Motiven fehlender IT-Compliance-Strukturen in KMU kaum Forschungsergebnisse vorliegen, zeigen doch die vielen Publikationen, die sich mit Teilaspekten von Compliance und KMU beschäftigen, dass Handlungsbedarf besteht. Insbesondere die aktuellen Veränderungen unter dem Stichwort Digitalisierung deuten auf eine gesteigerte Bedeutung von IT-Compliance-Maßnahmen vor allem in mittelständischen Unternehmen. In dieser Arbeit sollen daher mithilfe einer Literaturrecherche die aktuell behandelten Themen in Bezug auf IT-Compliance und KMU analysiert sowie aktuelle Themenschwerpunkte herausgearbeitet werden.
The transformation to an Industry 4.0, which is in general seen as a solution to increasing market challenges, is forcing companies to radically change their way of thinking and to be open to new forms of cooperation. In this context, the opening-up of the innovation process is widely seen as a necessity to meet these challenges, especially for small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The aim of the study therefore is to analyze how cooperation today can be characterized, how this character has changed since the establishment of the term Industry 4.0 at Hanover Fair in 2011 and which cooperation strategies have proven successful. The analysis consists of a quantitative, secondary data analysis that includes country-specific data from 35 European countries of 2010 and 2016 collected by the European Commission and the OECD. The research, focusing on the secondary sector, shows that multinational enterprises MNEs still tend to cooperate more than SMEs, with a slight overall trend towards protectionism. Nevertheless, there is a clear tendency towards the opening-up of SMEs. In this regard, especially universities, competitors and suppliers have become increasingly attractive as cooperation partners for SMEs.