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Überlegungen im Rahmen der Energiewende bezüglich der zukünftigen Technologieplattformen und Infrastrukturen der Energieversorgung müssen als wichtigen ökonomischen Faktor die zukünftig zu erwartenden Kosten dieser Technologien und Infrastrukturen einbeziehen. Hierbei spielen regelmäßig auch Überlegungen bzgl. der jeweils zugrunde liegenden Skaleneffekte eine große Rolle, sowohl in ihrer Variante als statische als auch dynamische Skaleneffekte. Häufig mangelt es einschlägigen Darstellungen dieser Aspekte jedoch an einer präzisen Unterscheidung der verschiedenen Ausprägungen von Skaleneffekten; dies gilt insbesondere auch für die konkrete Ausprägung als Größendegressionseffekt. Daher wird in diesem Papier eine systematische Klärung der entsprechenden Zusammenhänge speziell für Technologien des Energiesektors vorgenommen.
Zur Rhetorik der Technik
(2018)
Ziegelsplittbetone der Nachkriegsjahre und moderne RC-Betone - Nachhaltigkeit an Objektbeispielen
(2018)
Das Bauwesen gehört zu den größten Verbrauchern an natürlichen Ressourcen und Energie in der deutschen Wirtschaft. Das ist in vielen Fällen trotzdem ökologisch und ökonomisch vertretbar, weil die Bauteile und Bauwerke verglichen mit anderen "Produkten" eine deutlich längere technische Lebensdauer haben - im Fall des Betons zwischen ca. 25 und 100 Jahren - und wenn nach dem Rückbau hohe Recyclingquoten erzielt werden. In Bezug auf Einsparmöglichkeiten spielt der Massenbaustoff Beton eine ganz zentrale Rolle. Neben der Einsparung des sehr energieintensiven Zements und der Entwicklung von Substitutionsbindemitteln, stehen auch die Gesteinskörnungen im Fokus, die den größten Anteil am Beton ausmachen. Im Artikel werden auf der Basis eigener Ergebnisse aus einem DBU?geförderten Forschungsprojekt zu RC?Betonen die Nachhaltigkeit von Beton an Objektbeispielen vorgestellt und über den Sachstand zur aktuellen Nutzung von R-Betonen in Deutschland informiert. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf der Wertigkeit mineralischer Baustoffe aus vergleichsweise wenigen, überwiegend natürlichen Komponenten wie beim Beton, dessen Instandsetzungsmöglichkeiten und bessere Voraussetzungen für späteres Recycling gegenüber vielen modernen, kunststoffhaltigen Verbundbaustoffen.
In Anlehnung an das Tempcore-Verfahren wurde an wärmebehandeltem Stabstahl das Zugverfestigungsverhalten des Kernes, der Außenhaut sowie dem gesamten Stab experimentell und numerisch ermittelt. Es zeigte sich, dass die Dehnungen am Kern und am äußeren Rand gleich sind und der Einfluss des Kerngefüges entscheidend für den Beginn der Einschnürung in der Außenhaut ist. Eine Verbesserung der Eigenschaften des Kerngefüges kann somit die Bruchempfindlichkeit des gesamten Stabes reduzieren.
This work studies a wind noise reduction approach for communication applications in a car environment. An endfire array consisting of two microphones is considered as a substitute for an ordinary cardioid microphone capsule of the same size. Using the decomposition of the multichannel Wiener filter (MWF), a suitable beamformer and a single-channel post filter are derived. Due to the known array geometry and the location of the speech source, assumptions about the signal properties can be made to simplify the MWF beamformer and to estimate the speech and noise power spectral densities required for the post filter. Even for closely spaced microphones, the different signal properties at the microphones can be exploited to achieve a significant reduction of wind noise. The proposed beamformer approach results in an improved speech signal regarding the signal-to-noise-ratio and keeps the linear speech distortion low. The derived post filter shows equal performance compared to known approaches but reduces the effort for noise estimation.
Die Bauingenieure sind sich ihrer gesellschaftlichen Verantwortung bewusst, finden es jedoch unbefriedigend, dass ihr Anteil an der Baukultur weder ausreichend bekannt ist, noch gebührend gewürdigt wird. Der Beitrag gibt einen kurzen Überblick über diese Thematik und versucht die eigenen Defizite der Ingenieure aufzuspüren, die die Lösung des Problems erschweren. Am Beispiel von Ulrich Fintterwalder wird gezeigt, welche Haltung einer der großen Baumeister des zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts zum verantwortlichen und nachhaltigen Bauen, zur Ästhetik und Gestaltung und zur kreativen Zusammenarbeit mit Architekten eingenommen hatte.
Visualization-Assisted Development of Deep Learning Models in Offline Handwriting Recognition
(2018)
Deep learning is a field of machine learning that has been the focus of active research and successful applications in recent years. Offline handwriting recognition is one of the research fields and applications were deep neural networks have shown high accuracy. Deep learning models and their training pipeline show a large amount of hyper-parameters in their data selection, transformation, network topology and training process that are sometimes interdependent. This increases the overall difficulty and time necessary for building and training a model for a specific data set and task at hand. This work proposes a novel visualization-assisted workflow that guides the model developer through the hyper-parameter search in order to identify relevant parameters and modify them in a meaningful way. This decreases the overall time necessary for building and training a model. The contributions of this work are a workflow for hyper-parameter search in offline handwriting recognition and a heat map based visualization technique for deep neural networks in multi-line offline handwriting recognition. This work applies to offline handwriting recognition, but the general workflow can possibly be adapted to other tasks as well.
Im vorliegenden Aufsatz wird das grundlegende Vorgehen zur Berechnung der Durchbiegung im gerissenen Zustand inklusive Berücksichtigung von Kriechen und Schwinden vorgestellt. Dabei werden aufbauend auf den Vorgaben des EC2 verschiedene Verfahren mit unterschiedlichen Genauigkeitsniveaus für Balken und einachsig gespannte Platten erläutert. Für einfache Systeme können diese Verfahren auch von Hand durchgeführt werden und bieten dabei ein hohes Maß an Kontrolle über den Rechenablauf. Anschließend wird die Ermittlung der Schwindverformungen genauer betrachtet, welche nur mit hohem Rechenaufwand durchgeführt werden kann. Für eine Auswahl von Systemen können Diagramme mit Multiplikationsfaktoren hergeleitet werden, welche die Berechnung stark vereinfachen. Des Weiteren wird auf die Verformungsberechnung im Zustand II für Plattentragwerke eingegangen. Dabei werden sowohl die Berechnung mit FE‐Plattenprogrammen, welche oftmals entsprechende Funktionen anbieten, als auch vereinfachte manuelle Verfahren vorgestellt. Die Grundlagen der Rissbildung lassen sich von Stabtragwerken auf Platten übertragen, allerdings entstehen dabei neue Fragestellungen, wie beispielsweise zum Vorgehen bei der Steifigkeitsabminderung oder zum Einfluss der Schnittgrößenumlagerung infolge Rissbildung. In diesem Bereich besteht daher noch Forschungsbedarf.
Although the Hospice Foundation in Constance knew they had a personnel
problem, they were unsure how to begin to fix it. In addition to difficulties in
finding and keeping employees, the Hospice Foundation’s employees were
often on sick leave, adding pressure on remaining staff. Twelve communication
design students in the masters program at the University of Applied
Sciences in Constance (HTWG Konstanz) conducted a study aimed at
identifying the causes for these problems and, more generally, understanding
how the employees work and feel. Even though the methods in this
study are well known, it presents an important prototype for designers and
design researchers because of its success in finding useful insights. It also
serves as a pre-design project briefing for both management and designers.
It demonstrates the usefulness of qualitative methods in providing a deeper
understanding of a complex situation and its usefulness as a strategic tool
and for defining a project’s focus and scope. Ideally, it also provides insights
into health care for the elderly.
Unternehmen sind nur dann erfolgreich, wenn sie sich dem unternehmensethischen Spannungsfeld proaktiv stellen. Erfolg und Anstand sind zwei Seiten derselben Medaille: Unternehmen sind nicht erfolgreich, obwohl, sondern WEIL sie sich um ethisch korrektes Handeln bemühen! Das Delta zwischen ethischem Anspruch und dem von Markt und Wettbewerb Geforderten lässt sich niemals vollständig aufheben: Es gibt so wenig perfekte Unternehmen wie es perfekte Menschen gibt!
Aber: Individuen wie Organisationen können sich auf den Weg zur ethisch orientierten Business Excellence machen und in einem auf Dauer angelegten, kontinuierlichen Entwicklungsprozess darum ringen!
Stadterfahrungen von Zeitzeugen aller Epochen untersuchte Professor Leonhard Schenk vom Fachgebiet Städtebau und Entwerfen der Studiengänge Architektur in seinem Fortbildungssemester im SoSe17. Wie erleben Menschen die Stadt, was erscheint ihnen am spezifischen „Stadterlebnis“ bemerkenswert? Die menschlich-subjektive Komponente erweitert die Auseinandersetzung mit der Stadt, die bisher primär aus einer theoretischen, künstlerischen oder technischen Perspektive betrachtet wird.
Sein Fortbildungssemester, das er am Institut für Architekturgeschichte ifag der Universität Stuttgart verbrachte, führte ihn auch zu unterschiedlichen Auslandsstationen, europäischen Metropolen und Partnerhochschulen, die er im Rahmen des Erasmusprogramms betreut.
Traggerüste
(2018)
A growing share of modern trade policy instruments is shaped by non-tariff barriers (NTBs). Based on a structural gravity equation and the recently updated Global Trade Alert database, we empirically investigate the effect of NTBs on imports. Our analysis reveals that the implementation of NTBs reduces imports of affected products by up to 12%. Their trade dampening effect is thus comparable to that of trade defence instruments such as anti-dumping duties. It is smaller for exporters that have a free trade agreement with the importing country. Different types of NTBs affect trade to a different extent. Finally, we investigate the effect of behind-the-border measures, showing that they significantly lower the importer’s market access.
Business units are increasingly able to fuel the transformation that digitalization demands of organizations. Thereby, they implement Shadow IT (SIT) to create flexible and innovative solutions. However, the individual implementation of SIT leads to high complexities and redundancies. Integration suggests itself to meet these challenges but can also eliminate the described benefits. In this emergent research, we develop propositions for a conceptual decision framework, that balances the benefits and drawbacks of an integration of SIT using a literature review as well as a multiple-case study. We thereby integrate the perspective of the overall organization as well as the specific business unit. We then pose six propositions regarding SIT integration that will serve to evaluate our conceptual framework in future research.
In 1970, B.A. Asner, Jr., proved that for a real quasi-stable polynomial, i.e., a polynomial whose zeros lie in the closed left half-plane of the complex plane, its finite Hurwitz matrix is totally nonnegative, i.e., all its minors are nonnegative, and that the converse statement is not true. In this work, we explain this phenomenon in detail, and provide necessary and sufficient conditions for a real polynomial to have a totally nonnegative finite Hurwitz matrix.
New Technology-Based Firms (NTBFs) learn their business in the early-stages of their life-cycle. As a central element of the entrepreneurial learning process, the business model describes the value-creation functions that are conceptualized in different stages of the NTBF’s life-cycle. Transaction relations connect the model with the business reality and ideally mature in strength over time to a functioning value-network. This chapter describes the development of a research design that determines, extracts, and evaluates semantics constructs of this entrepreneurial learning out of a convenient sample and three cohorts of business plans submitted to a business plan award between 2008 and 2010. The analysis shows empirical evidence for the survival and growth of those NTBFs that exhibit a balanced status of entrepreneurial learning in the maturity of the value-network that can be characterized as early startup-stage. The empirical findings of the network theory based business plan analysis will allow for a better explanation of the performance in the entrepreneurial process that is discussed for NTBFs based on theory of organizational learning.
The Role of Support-Activities for the successful Implementation of Internal Corporate Accelerators
(2018)
Stolperstein Mathematik
(2018)
Stadt entwerfen
(2018)
Zweite, komplett überarbeitete, aktualisierte und erweiterte Auflage in neuem Layout, größerem Format und mit neuen Projekten.
Städtebauliches Entwerfen basiert auf Ordnungs- und Gestaltungsprinzipien, die funktionale Ansprüche erfüllen und zugleich die Entwurfselemente zu einem unverwechselbaren Ganzen fügen müssen. Auch wenn Entwürfe fast immer vom Zeitgeist geprägt sind, so sind die kompositorischen Grundprinzipien weitgehend zeitlos. Stadt entwerfen erläutert die wichtigsten Entwurfs- und Darstellungsprinzipien im Städtebau anhand von ausgewählten historischen Beispielen und internationalen zeitgenössischen Wettbewerbsbeiträgen. Im Zentrum der Publikation steht die Frage, wie die Projekte entworfen wurden und welche Methoden und Instrumente dem Entwerfer zur Verfügung stehen: Neben dem klassischen Entwurf, der im Kopf des Entwerfers entsteht, erweitert sich gegenwärtig das Repertoire durch neue, computergestützte Methoden, wie z.B. dem parametrischen Entwerfen, bei dem veränderbare Parameter den Entwurf automatisiert beeinflussen und eine Vielfalt von Lösungsmöglichkeiten anbieten. Drei Best-Practice-Beispiele, die Hafencity Hamburg, Belval-Ouest in Luxemburg und die Südstadt in Tübingen, zeigen im Schlusskapitel, wie prämierte städtebauliche Konzepte und Entwürfe erfolgreich realisiert werden.
Mit Beiträgen von Oliver Fritz, Rolo Fütterer und Markus Neppl.
To get a better understanding of Cross Site Scripting vulnerabilities, we investigated 50 randomly selected CVE reports which are related to open source projects. The vulnerable and patched source code was manually reviewed to find out what kind of source code patterns were used. Source code pattern categories were found for sources, concatenations, sinks, html context and fixes. Our resulting categories are compared to categories from CWE. A source code sample which might have led developers to believe that the data was already sanitized is described in detail. For the different html context categories, the necessary Cross Site Scripting prevention mechanisms are described.
We investigated 50 randomly selected buffer overflow vulnerabilities in Firefox. The source code of these vulnerabilities and the corresponding patches were manually reviewed and patterns were identified. Our main contribution are taxonomies of errors, sinks and fixes seen from a developer's point of view. The results are compared to the CWE taxonomy with an emphasis on vulnerability details. Additionally, some ideas are presented on how the taxonomy could be used to improve the software security education.
Error correction coding based on soft-input decoding can significantly improve the reliability of non-volatile flash memories. This work proposes a soft-input decoder for generalized concatenated (GC) codes. GC codes are well suited for error correction in flash memories for high reliability data storage. We propose GC codes constructed from inner extended binary Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) codes and outer Reed-Solomon codes. The extended BCH codes enable an efficient hard-input decoding. Furthermore, a low-complexity soft-input decoding method is proposed. This bit-flipping decoder uses a fixed number of test patterns and an algebraic decoder for soft-decoding. An acceptance criterion for the final candidate codeword is proposed. Combined with error and erasure decoding of the outer Reed-Solomon codes, this acceptance criterion can improve the decoding performance and reduce the decoding complexity. The presented simulation results show that the proposed bit-flipping decoder in combination with outer error and erasure decoding can outperform maximum likelihood decoding of the inner codes.
Generalised concatenated (GC) codes are well suited for error correction in flash memories for high-reliability data storage. The GC codes are constructed from inner extended binary Bose–Chaudhuri–Hocquenghem (BCH) codes and outer Reed–Solomon codes. The extended BCH codes enable high-rate GC codes and low-complexity soft input decoding. This work proposes a decoder architecture for high-rate GC codes. For such codes, outer error and erasure decoding are mandatory. A pipelined decoder architecture is proposed that achieves a high data throughput with hard input decoding. In addition, a low-complexity soft input decoder is proposed. This soft decoding approach combines a bit-flipping strategy with algebraic decoding. The decoder components for the hard input decoding can be utilised which reduces the overhead for the soft input decoding. Nevertheless, the soft input decoding achieves a significant coding gain compared with hard input decoding.
Smart-Future-Living-Bodensee
(2018)
This paper presents a bed system able to analyze a person’s movement, breathing and recognize the positions that the subject is lying on the bed during the night without any additional physical contact. The measurements are performed with sensors placed between the mattress and the bed-frame. An Intel Edison board was used as an endpoint that served as a communication node from the mesh network to external service. Two nodes and Intel Edison are attached to the bottom of the bed frame and they are connected to the sensors. First test results have indicated the potential of the proposed approach for the recognition of sleep positions with 83% of correct recognized positions.
Simulationsmethoden bei der Entwicklung von Extremleichtbaukomponenten in Faserverbundbauweise
(2018)
Research on Shadow IT is facing a conceptual dilemma in cases where previously “covert” systems developed by business entities are integrated in the organizational IT management. These systems become visible, are thus not “in the shadows” anymore, and subsequently do not fit to existing definitions of Shadow IT. Practice shows that some information systems share characteristics of Shadow IT but are created openly in alignment with the IT organization. This paper proposes the term “Business-managed IT” to describe “overt” information systems developed or managed by business entities and distinguishes it from Shadow IT by illustrating case vignettes. Accordingly, our contribution is to suggest a concept and its delineation against other concepts. In this way, IS researchers interested in IT originated from or maintained by business entities can construct theories with a wider scope of application that are at the same time more specific to practical problems. In addition, the terminology allows to value potentially innovative developments by business entities more adequately.
Sexistischer Werbung, die gegen die Menschenwürde verstößt, kann über die Auffangnorm des § 3 Abs. 1 UWG bekämpft werden. Dennoch zeigt sich die Rechtsprechung zurückhaltend und stattdessen übernimmt der Deutsche Werberat die Deutungshoheit. Die höchstrichterliche Rechtsprechung konnte sich insoweit bislang nicht fortbilden. Gerade in Zeiten des Wertewandels ist eine aktualisierte höchstrichterliche Rechtsprechung aber nicht zuletzt auch für den Rechtsfrieden unerlässlich.
Das häusliche Umfeld kann vor allem für langfristiges Schlafmonitoring verwendet werden. Gute Patientenakzeptanz erfordert niedrige Nutzer- und Installationsbarrieren. Für die Installation zu Hause sind klassische PSG-Systeme aufgrund von ihrer Komplexität wenig passend. Ziel der Entwicklung ist die qualifizierte Erhebung von Parametern, die einerseits eine hinreichend gute Klassifikation von Schlafphasen erlauben und die andererseits durch nicht-invasive Methoden erfasst werden können.
Basierend auf einer Literaturstudie und der Maßgabe nicht-invasive Methoden zu nutzen, wurden folgende Parameter ausgewählt: Körperbewegung, Atmung und Herzschlag. Diese Parameter können nicht-invasiv durch Matratzendrucksensoren erfasst werden. Die Sensorknoten sind als ein Netz von Drucksensoren implementiert, die mit einem leistungsarmen und performanten Mikrocontroller verbunden sind. Alle Knoten sind über einen systemweiten Bus mit Adressarbitrierung verbunden. Der eingebettete Prozessor ist der Mesh-Netzwerk-Endpunkt, der die Netzwerkkonfiguration, Speicherung und Vorverarbeitung der Daten, externen Datenzugriff und Visualisierung ermöglicht.
Das System wurde getestet, indem Experimente durchgeführt wurden, die den Schlaf verschiedener gesunder junger Personen aufzeichneten. Die erhaltenen Ergebnisse bestätigen die Fähigkeit des Systems, Atemfrequenz und Körperbewegung zu erfassen. Ein wesentlicher Unterschied dieses Systems im Vergleich zu anderen Ansätzen ist die innovative Art, die Sensoren unter der Matratze zu platzieren. Diese Eigenschaft erleichtert die kontinuierliche Nutzung des Systems ohne Einfluss auf den gemeinsamen Schlafprozess.
Um Schlafverhalten langfristig zu untersuchen, wird ein Hardwaresystem mit niedrigen Installationsbarrieren für den Einsatz im häuslichen Umfeld. Erste Ergebnisse weisen auf das Potenzial hin, außer Körperbewegung und Atemfrequenz, auch Herzfrequenz erfassen zu können. Die Werte können weiter verbessert werden, wenn die Sensorabfragefrequenz erhöht wird. Nach der Weiterentwicklung des Systems, soll es mit dem Softwarealgorithmus für die Schlafphasenerkennung verbunden werden.
The process of restoring our body and brain from fatigue is directly depend-ing on the quality of sleep. It can be determined from the report of the sleep study results. Classification of sleep stages is the first step of this study and this includes the measurement of biovital data and its further processing.
In this work, the sleep analysis system is based on a hardware sensor net, namely a grid of 24 pressure sensors, supporting sleep phase recognition. In comparison to the leading standard, which is polysomnography, the proposed approach is a non-invasive system. It recognises respiration and body move-ment with only one type of low-cost pressure sensors forming a mesh archi-tecture. The nodes implement as a series of pressure sensors connected to a low-power and performant microcontroller. All nodes are connected via a system wide bus with address arbitration. The embedded processor is the mesh network endpoint that enables network configuration, storing and pre-processing of the data, external data access and visualization.
The system was tested by executing experiments recording the sleep of different healthy young subjects. The results obtained have indicated the po-tential to detect breathing rate and body movement. A major difference of this system in comparison to other approaches is the innovative way to place the sensors under the mattress. This characteristic facilitates the continuous using of the system without any influence on the common sleep process.
SDG Voyager - A practical guide to align business excellence with Sustainable Development Goals
(2018)
By now, an inflationary high number of international publications on the topic “Agenda 2030” exist. But unanswered to this day seems to be the question of how the CSR-management of a company can make a concrete contribution to the SDGs. Instead of unilaterally demanding the reporting of companies’ sustainability activities, the SDG Voyager starts earlier in the process with the intention of encouraging companies of all sizes to become familiar with the fields of action for corporate responsibility and to attend to these issues without feeling overwhelmed. Many companies will find that they are already making a big contribution to sustainable development in a number of fields. In other areas, however, there will still be an urgent need for action. The SDG Voyager aims to acquaint companies with these topics and support them to fulfill their responsibilities towards their stakeholders and society.
Schreiben und Rhetorik an einer Hochschule für angewandte Wissenschaften - ein Erfahrungsbericht
(2018)
In einigen europäischen Nachbarländern herrschen weitaus schlechtere Voraussetzungen für die Binnen-schifffahrt als in Deutschland. Die wenigsten Länder verfügen über eine so effiziente Wasserstraße wie beispielsweise den Rhein. Dennoch forcieren nicht wenige die Verlagerung von Transporten von der Straße auf das Binnenschiff.
We identify 74 generic, reusable technical requirements based on the GDPR that can be applied to software products which process personal data. The requirements can be traced to corresponding articles and recitals of the GDPR and fulfill the key principles of lawfulness and transparency. Therefore, we present an approach to requirements engineering with regard to developing legally compliant software that satisfies the principles of privacy by design, privacy by default as well as security by design.
We consider the problem of increasing the informative value of electrocardiographic (ECG) surveys using data from multichannel electrocardiographic leads, that include both recorded electrocardiosignals and the coordinates of the electrodes placed on the surface of the human torso. In this area, we were interested in reconstruction of the surface distribution of the equivalent sources during the cardiac cycle at relatively low hardware cost. In our work, we propose to reconstruct the equivalent electrical sources by numerical methods, based on integral connection between the density of electrical sources and potential in a conductive medium. We consider maps of distributions of equivalent electric sources on the heart surface (HSSM), presenting source distributions in the form of a simple or double electrical layer. We indicate the dynamics of the heart electrical activity by the space-time mapping of equivalent electrical sources in HSSM.
Die Putzstrukturen an Fassaden werden maßgeblich durch die Fachhandwerker geprägt. Deshalb wird ihre Ebenmäßigkeit auch nie mit der von industriell gefertigten Fassadenplatten und Ähnlichem vergleichbar sein – aber genau das macht einen Teil des Charmes von Putzfassaden aus. Dies ist auch bei der Bearbeitung von Schadstellen zu berücksichtigen.
In tourism, energy demands are particularly high.Tourism facilities such as hotels require large amounts ofelectric and heating resp. cooling energy. Their supply howeveris usually still based on fossil energies. This research approachanalyses the potential of promoting renewable energies in BlackForest tourism. It focuses on a combined and hence highlyefficient production of both electric and thermal energy bybiogas plants on the one hand and its provision to local tourismfacilities via short distance networks on the other. Basing onsurveys and qualitative empiricism and considering regionalresource availability as well as socio-economic aspects, it thusexamines strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats thatcan arise from such a cooperation.
In tourism, energy demands are particularly high. Tourism facilities such as hotels require large amounts of electric and heating / cooling energy while their supply is usually still based on fossil energies.
This research approach analyses the potential of promoting renewable energies in tourism. It focuses on a combined and hence highly efficient production of both electric and thermal energy by biogas plants on the one hand and its provision to local tourism facilities via short distance networks on the other. Considering regional resource availability as well as socio-economic aspects, it thus examines strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that can arise from such a micro-cooperation. The research aim is to provide an actor-based, spatially transferable feasibility analysis.
The overall goal of this work is to detect and analyze a person's movement, breathing and heart rate during sleep in a common bed overnight without any additional physical contact. The measurement is performed with the help of
sensors placed between the mattress and the frame. A two-stage pattern classification algorithm based has been implemented that applies statistics analysis to recognize the position of patients. The system is implemented in a sensors-network, hosting several nodes and communication end-points to support quick and efficient classification. The overall tests show convincing results for the position recognition and a reasonable overlap in matching.
Der Einsatz von Plagiatssoftware sollte auf die Zielgruppe abgestimmt sein. Da die Beurteilung des digitalen Prüfberichts Expertenwissen voraussetzt, erscheint ein unbegleiteter Zugriff nicht sinnvoll. Da meist nicht mit Betrugsabsicht, sondern aus Regelunkenntnis plagiiert wird, ist eine Beschränkung auf eine flächendeckende Detektion keine Lösung. Umfassendes Regelwissen, ein Verständnis für die grundlegende Bedeutung intertextueller Bezüge sowie selbstverantwortliches Handeln sind Vermittlungsziele der HTWG-Schreibberatung. Zu diesem Zweck macht das HTWG-Modell den Schreibkursbesuch zur Zulassungsvoraussetzung für die freiwillige Plagiatskontrolle und behält sich die Deutungshoheit über den Prüfbericht vor.
According to the World Food Organization, nearly half of all root and tuber crops worldwide are not consumed, but are lost due to inappropriate storage and post-harvest losses. In developing countries such as Ethiopia, potatoes have not been dried, but are traditionally stored in potato clamps. So far, dried potatoes have not been converted into usable foods.
The aim of the present work is to convert potatoes - perishable rootlets and tubers - into stable products by hot air drying. Hot air dryers are economical to operate in industrialized countries. In Africa, this is reserved for larger industrial companies only. In regions with a tropical climate, however, the use of solar tunnel dryers is worthwhile. These are a good choice for farming and small industries and wherever electrical energy is difficult or impossible to obtain.
In a first part of the work, the drying process of potatoes was investigated, in particular with regard to the change of thermal, mechanical and chemical quality parameters. In an evaluation of the literature it was found that potatoes are not subject to quality changes if the water activityis below a value of 0.2. In order to determine the water content associated with this value at storage temperature, the known equations for the sorption equilibrium were evaluated and verified with own experimental investigations. This determined the end point of the drying process.
The following experimental investigations showed a process-dependent change of the quality criteria such as color, shrinkage, and mechanical properties as well as the content of valuedetermining substances such as vitamin C and starch. The differences in the course and magnitude of the quality changes were attributed to the glass transition that takes place during the drying process. For the determination of the glass transition temperature a new, simple method based on the measurement of mechanical properties could be developed. The knowledge of the glass transition temperature allowed optimizing the drying process. The drying process could be carried out in the rubbery or glassy region, depending on the expected quality changes. Thus, all information was available to produce high quality dried potatoes in an industrial process.
Since the production of potato products in less industrialized regions without sufficient supply of electrical energy should be included, potatoes were dried with a solar tunnel dryer. Examination of the quality properties mentioned above confirmed the process-dependent quality changes.
Finally, the dried product was ground and with the flour thus produced, wheat flour was replaced for baking bread. An evaluation of the finished bread by a panel showed that the acceptance of the bread according to the new recipe was high, also with regard to baking volume, taste, texture and color.
This work shows that by drying potatoes can be transformed a well accepted, storable and easily transportable product. The risk of losses or degradation is minimized. It can be produced on an industrial as well as on farm level. If the influence of the glass transition is taken into account, it is possible to optimize the quality of the product.
Optical surface inspection: A novelty detection approach based on CNN-encoded texture features
(2018)
In inspection systems for textured surfaces, a reference texture is typically known before novel examples are inspected. Mostly, the reference is only available in a digital format. As a consequence, there is no dataset of defective examples available that could be used to train a classifier. We propose a texture model approach to novelty detection. The texture model uses features encoded by a convolutional neural network (CNN) trained on natural image data. The CNN activations represent the specific characteristics of the digital reference texture which are learned by a one-class classifier. We evaluate our novelty detector in a digital print inspection scenario. The inspection unit is based on a camera array and a flashing light illumination which allows for inline capturing of multichannel images at a high rate. In order to compare our results to manual inspection, we integrated our inspection unit into an industrial single-pass printing system.
A constructive nonlinear observer design for self-sensing of digital (ON/OFF) single coil electromagnetic actuators is studied. Self-sensing in this context means that solely the available energizing signals, i.e., coil current and driving voltage are used to estimate the position and velocity trajectories of the moving plunger. A nonlinear sliding mode observer is considered, where the stability of the reduced error dynamics is analyzed by the equivalent control method. No simplifications are made regarding magnetic saturation and eddy currents in the underlying dynamical model. The observer gains are constructed by taking into account some generic properties of the systems nonlinearities. Two possible choices of the observer gains are discussed. Furthermore, an observer-based tracking control scheme to achieve sensorless soft landing is considered and its closed-loop stability is studied. Experimental results for observer-based soft landing of a fast-switching solenoid valve under dry conditions are presented to demonstrate the usefulness of the approach.
Infolge des Klimawandels sind entlang der Gewässer Baden-Württembergs verschärfte Niedrigwassersituationen zu erwarten, die unter Umständen zu Wassernutzungskonflikten der lokalen Akteure führen. Anhand des Kochers und der Murg wurden mit Hilfe einer Stakeholder-Analyse solche Konflikte identifiziert sowie erste Handlungsoptionen für eine Niedrigwasservorsorge bzw. ein Niedrigwassermanagement erarbeitet. Den Erhebungen zufolge treten Wassernutzungskonkurrenzen in fast allen Nutzergruppen auf, jedoch mit unterschiedlicher Ausprägung. Hierbei stehen bestimmte Sektoren teilweise mit mehreren Stakeholder-Gruppen im Widerstreit, andere Gruppen haben dagegen keine Erfahrung mit Konkurrenzsituationen. Weiterhin ist auffällig, dass Niedrigwasserereignisse an beiden Flüssen lediglich einen Teil der Nutzungskonflikte auslösen. Ein Großteil der Streitfragen wird durch anthropogene Einflüsse verursacht.
Sleep study can be used for detection of sleep quality and in general bed behaviors. These results can helpful for regulating sleep and recognizing different sleeping disorders of human. In comparison to the leading standard measuring system, which is Polysomnography (PSG), the system proposed in this work is a non-invasive sleep monitoring device. For continuous analysis or home use, the PSG or wearable Actigraphy devices tends to be uncomfortable. Besides, these methods not only decrease practicality due to the process of having to put them on, but they are also very expensive. The system proposed in this paper classifies respiration and body movement with only one type of sensor and also in a noninvasive way. The sensor used is a pressure sensor. This sensor is low cost and can be used for commercial proposes. The system was tested by carrying out an experiment that recorded the sleep process of a subject. These recordings showed excellent results in the classification of breathing rate and body movements.
Der Bodensee und das in ihm gespeicherte Wasser dient vielen Zwecken: Neben seiner ökologischen Bedeutung für die Region ist er Trinkwasserquelle und Schifffahrtsweg, wird für Freizeit und Naherholung genutzt. Die Schifffahrt stellt eine der zentralen Attraktionen am Bodensee dar – sie zieht Tagesausflügler und Naherholungssuchende ebenso an wie Urlauber. Der Tourismus ist dabei eine der zentralen Einkommensquellen am Bodensee. Während der Niedrigwasserereignisse der letzten Jahre wurden jedoch die verschiedenen Schifffahrtstypen beeinträchtigt. Dies traf den Tourismus wie auch Berufspendler, Häfen, anliegende Gemeinden und den Gütertransport. Der Beitrag verdeutlicht die Bedeutung der Bodenseeschifffahrt und nennt einige Folgen der Niedrigwasserereignisse der letzten Jahre.
Product development and product manufacturing are entering a new era, namely an era where engineering tasks are executed under collaboration of all involved parties. Engineers and potential customers work together mainly in a virtual world for the design and realization of the product. We address this so called “crowdsourcing” trend in the automotive industry that lowers cost and accelerates production of new car. Current practice and prior studies fail to handle data management and collaboration aspects in sufficient detail. We propose a PLM based crowdsourcing platform that applies best practices to the established approach and adapt it with new methods for handling specific requirements. Our work provides a basis for establishing an improved collaboration platform to support a Gig Economy in the automotive industry.
Nachhaltiges Wirtschaften und insbesondere nachhaltigerer Konsum sind längst als zentrale Herausforderung des 21. Jahrhunderts erkannt worden. Unternehmen und Verbraucher/innen sind dabei gleichermaßen gefordert, sich gegenseitig in Prozessen gemeinsamer Wertschöpfung zu befähigen. Das Potential dieser Prozesse liegt jedoch nicht alleine in einer klugen Mäßigung der Akteure, sondern in einer sichtbaren Aufwertung der vielfältigen nachhaltigen Konsumoptionen. Eine Möglichkeit, dies zu erreichen, liegt darin, Nachhaltigkeit als Qualität für ein breites Spektrum von Konsumgütern erkennbar und erlebbar werden zu lassen. Eine Nachhaltigkeitsdeklarierung kann dabei weit mehr leisten als nur eine weitere visuelle Auszeichnung. Unternehmen können die kulturellen Kontexte von Verbraucher/innen erkennen und zielgerichtet agieren. Dabei können die vielfältigen Möglichkeiten digitaler Medien hilfreich sein. Die vorliegende Arbeit schlägt vor, dies stets mit Blick auf die lebendige Realität auf Anbieter- und Nachfragerseite zu tun.
This paper focuses on the multivariable control of a drawing tower process. The nature of the process together with the differences in measurement noise levels that affect the variables to be controlled motivated the development of a new MPC algorithm. An extension of a multivariable predictive control algorithm with separated prediction horizons is proposed. The obtained experimental results show the usefulness of the proposed algorithm..
Autonomous moving systems require very detailed information about their environment and potential colliding objects. Thus, the systems are equipped with high resolution sensors. These sensors have the property to generate more than one detection per object per time step. This results in an additional complexity for the target tracking algorithm, since standard tracking filters assume that an object generates at most one detection per object. This requires new methods for data association and system state filtering.
As new data association methods, in this thesis two different extensions of the Joint Integrated Probabilistic Data Association (JIPDA) filter to assign more than one detection to tracks are proposed.
The first method that is introduced, is a generalization of the JIPDA to assign a variable number of measurements to each track based on some predefined statistical models, which will be called Multi Detection - Joint Integrated Probabilistic Data Association (MD-JIPDA).
Since this scheme suffers from exponential increase of association hypotheses, also a new approximation scheme is presented. The second method is an extension for the special case, when the number and locations of measurements are a priori known. In preparation of this method, a new notation and computation scheme for the standard Joint Integrated Data Association is outlined, which also enables the derivation of a new fast approximation scheme called balanced permanent-JIPDA.
For state filtering, also two different concepts are applied: the Random Matrix Framework and the Measurement Generating Points. For the Random Matrix framework, first an alternative prediction method is proposed to account for kinematic state changes in the extension state prediction as well. Secondly, various update methods are investigated to account for the polar to Cartesian noise transformation problem. The filtering concepts are connected with the new MD-JIPDA and their characteristics analyzed with various Monte Carlo simulations.
In case an object can be modeled by a finite number of fixed Measurement Generating Points (MGP), also a proposition to track these object via a JIPDA filter is made. In this context, a fast Track-to-Track fusion algorithm is proposed as well and compared against the MGP-JIPDA.
The proposed algorithms are evaluated in two applications where scanning is done using radar sensors only. The first application is a typical automotive scenario, where a passenger car is equipped with six radar sensors to cover its complete environment.
In this application, the location of the measurements on an object can be considered stationary and that is has a rectangular shape. Thus, the MGP based algorithms are applied here. The filters are evaluated by tracking especially vehicles on nearside lanes.
The second application covers the tracking of vessels on inland waters. Here, two different kind of Radar systems are applied, but for both sensors a uniform distribution of the measurements over the target's extent can be assumed. Further, the assumption that the targets have elliptical shape holds, and so the Random Matrix Framework in combination with the MD-JIPDA is evaluated.
Exemplary test scenarios also illustrate the performance of this tracking algorithm.
Offline handwriting recognition systems often use LSTM networks, trained with line- or word-images. Multi-line text makes it necessary to use segmentation to explicitly obtain these images. Skewed, curved, overlapping, incorrectly written text, or noise can lead to errors during segmentation of multi-line text and reduces the overall recognition capacity of the system. Last year has seen the introduction of deep learning methods capable of segmentation-free recognition of whole paragraphs. Our method uses Conditional Random Fields to represent text and align it with the network output to calculate a loss function for training. Experiments are promising and show that the technique is capable of training a LSTM multi-line text recognition system.
Embodiments are generally related to the field of channel and source coding of data to be sent over a channel, such as a communication link or a data memory. Some specific embodiments are related to a method of encoding data for transmission over a channel, a corresponding decoding method, a coding device for performing one or both of these methods and a computer program comprising instructions to cause said coding device to perform one or both of said methods.
Mauermörtel und Putze
(2018)
It is widely recognized that sustainability is a new challenge for many manufacturing companies. In this paper, we tackle this issue by presenting an approach that deals with material and substance compliance within Product Lifecycle Management in a complex value chain. Our analysis explains why, how and when sustainable manufacturing arises, and it identifies, quantifies and evaluates the environmental impact of a new product. We propose (I) a Life Cycle Assessment tool (LCA) and (II) a model to validate this approach and evaluate the risk of noncompliance in supply chain. Our LCA approach provides comprehensive information on environmental impacts of a product.
Product and materials cycles are parallel and intersecting, making it challenging to integrate Material Selection Process across Product Lifecycle Management, Integration of LCA with PLM. We provide only a foundation. Further research in systems engineering is necessary. LCA is sensitive to data quality. Outsourcing production and having problems in supplier cooperation can result in material mismatch (such as property, composition mismatching) in the production process due to that may cause misleading of LCA results.
This paper also describes research challenges using riskbased due diligence.
It is widely recognized that sustainability is a new challenge for many manufacturing companies. In this paper, we tackle this issue by presenting an approach that deals with material and substance compliance within Product Lifecycle Management in a complex value chain. Our analysis explains why, how and when sustainable manufacturing arises, and it identifies, quantifies and evaluates the environmental impact of a new product. We propose (I) a Life Cycle Assessment tool (LCA) and (II) a model to validate this approach and evaluate the risk of non-compliance in supply chain. Our LCA approach provides comprehensive information on environmental impacts of a product.
Product and materials cycles are parallel and intersecting, making it challenging to integrate Material Selection Process across Product Lifecycle Management, Integration of LCA with PLM. We provide only a foundation. Further research in systems engineering is necessary. LCA is sensitive to data quality. Outsourcing production and having problems in supplier cooperation can result in material mismatch (such as property, composition mismatching) in the production process due to that may cause misleading of LCA results. This paper also describes research challenges using risk-based due diligence.
Marketingrecht
(2018)
Dieses Buch legt eine umfassende Gesamtdarstellung des Marketingrechts vor und sensibilisiert für mögliche Rechtsprobleme im Marketing. Verantwortliche im Marketingmanagement, die Entscheidungen oft auch schnell treffen müssen, werden hier mit den Grundlagen rechtlicher Rahmenbedingungen vertraut gemacht. Der marketingspezifische Aufbau und die Entscheidungsorientierung gewährleisten dem Marketingmanagement als Hauptzielgruppe einen hohen Praxisnutzen. Der Leser erhält wertvolle Hinweise, wie er im Marketing effektiver und zielgerichteter mit der Rechtsabteilung oder externen Rechtsberatern kommunizieren kann.
Algorithms for calculating the string edit distance are used in e.g. information retrieval and document analysis systems or for evaluation of text recognizers. Text recognition based on CTC-trained LSTM networks includes a decoding step to produce a string, possibly using a language model, and evaluation using the string edit distance. The decoded string can further be used as a query for database search, e.g. in document retrieval. We propose to closely integrate dictionary search with text recognition to train both combined in a continuous fashion. This work shows that LSTM networks are capable of calculating the string edit distance while allowing for an exchangeable dictionary to separate learned algorithm from data. This could be a step towards integrating text recognition and dictionary search in one deep network.
This work proposes a construction for low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes over finite Gaussian integer fields. Furthermore, a new channel model for codes over Gaussian integers is introduced and its channel capacity is derived. This channel can be considered as a first order approximation of the additive white Gaussian noise channel with hard decision detection where only errors to nearest neighbors in the signal constellation are considered. For this channel, the proposed LDPC codes can be decoded with a simple non-probabilistic iterative decoding algorithm similar to Gallager's decoding algorithm A.
Knot placement for curve approximation is a well known and yet open problem in geometric modeling. Selecting knot values that yield good approximations is a challenging task, based largely on heuristics and user experience. More advanced approaches range from parametric averaging to genetic algorithms.
In this paper, we propose to use Support Vector Machines (SVMs) to determine suitable knot vectors for B-spline curve approximation. The SVMs are trained to identify locations in a sequential point cloud where knot placement will improve the approximation error. After the training phase, the SVM can assign, to each point set location, a so-called score. This score is based on geometric and differential geometric features of points. It measures the quality of each location to be used as knots in the subsequent approximation. From these scores, the final knot vector can be constructed exploring the topography of the score-vector without the need for iteration or optimization in the approximation process. Knot vectors computed with our approach outperform state of the art methods and yield tighter approximations.
We propose a novel end-to-end neural network architecture that, once trained, directly outputs a probabilistic clustering of a batch of input examples in one pass. It estimates a distribution over the number of clusters k, and for each 1≤k≤kmax, a distribution over the individual cluster assignment for each data point. The network is trained in advance in a supervised fashion on separate data to learn grouping by any perceptual similarity criterion based on pairwise labels (same/different group). It can then be applied to different data containing different groups. We demonstrate promising performance on high-dimensional data like images (COIL-100) and speech (TIMIT). We call this “learning to cluster” and show its conceptual difference to deep metric learning, semi-supervise clustering and other related approaches while having the advantage of performing learnable clustering fully end-to-end.
Im Sinne einer dialogischen, transdisziplinären Auseinandersetzung zwischen künstlerischer Praxis, Kultur- und Ingenieurwissenschaften geht es bei diesem Projekt um die Entwicklung einer künstlerisch-wissenschaftlichen Fallstudie mit den Zielen der konkreten Erarbeitung eines Kunstwerks unter den Bedingungen digitaler Medien - und um eine Befragung dieser Medien aus der Perspektive der
künstlerischen Praxis, der Interfacegestaltung und der Entwurfswissenschaften (Teil der UDK Berlin).
Bericht aus dem Freistellungssemester Sommer 2018
Know when you don't know
(2018)
Deep convolutional neural networks show outstanding performance in image-based phenotype classification given that all existing phenotypes are presented during the training of the network. However, in real-world high-content screening (HCS) experiments, it is often impossible to know all phenotypes in advance. Moreover, novel phenotype discovery itself can be an HCS outcome of interest. This aspect of HCS is not yet covered by classical deep learning approaches. When presenting an image with a novel phenotype to a trained network, it fails to indicate a novelty discovery but assigns the image to a wrong phenotype. To tackle this problem and address the need for novelty detection, we use a recently developed Bayesian approach for deep neural networks called Monte Carlo (MC) dropout to define different uncertainty measures for each phenotype prediction. With real HCS data, we show that these uncertainty measures allow us to identify novel or unclear phenotypes. In addition, we also found that the MC dropout method results in a significant improvement of classification accuracy. The proposed procedure used in our HCS case study can be easily transferred to any existing network architecture and will be beneficial in terms of accuracy and novelty detection.