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InBetween
(2017)
The evolution of strain induced martensite in austenitic stainless steel AISI 304 was investigated in a rolling contact on a two-discs-tribometer. The effects of surface roughness, slip and normal force as well as the number of load cycles were examined. In comparison to the investigations of martensitic phase transformation during cold rolling, the applied stresses are considerably lower. The formation of strain induced martensite was detected in-situ by means of a FERITSCOPE MP30 and ex-situ by optical microscopy after etching with Kane etchant. Both number of load cycles and magnitude of normal force appeared to be the main influencing factors regarding strain induced martensitic evolution in low stress rolling contacts.
We examine to what extent a transaction relation-based value network maturity status of New Technology-Based Firms (NTBFs) is related to their survival. A specific challenge of NTBFs is their lack of market-orientation, which is why the maturity of the ties they form towards the market in terms of customers, financiers, personnel and partners is supposed to be a strong indicator for survival. We analyze a sample of 170 NTBFs by capturing their value network status from business plans and defining their survival status using secondary research. Simple statistical tests and regressions suggest that the official registration of the business is a pre-step for survival that requires industry-specific value network dimension strengths. A sub-sample survival analysis shows that for all NTBFs that have reached registration, regardless of their industry, a stronger customer value network maturity dimension prevents from failure and is thus a significant predictor for survival. Moreover, the analyses partly support the idea that NTBFs from the IT sector are less dependent on a strong value network in the financier dimension to survive. The results are of relevance for both practitioners and researchers in the innovation system: a better understanding of the factors impacting on NTBF survival can help to provide more tailored support services for young firms, increase the effectiveness of resource allocations, and provide a basis for further research.
Leadership in a global world
(2017)
In the automotive industry a strong effort has been undertaken to reduce the weight of modern vehicles. In order to reduce the energy consumption and to improve the environmental sustainability, the importance of weight reduction activities is even growing faster. As lightweight designing is becoming more and more expensive and show less potential savings, new approaches are needed. One promising technology could be the use of shape memory elements. In the last years a lot of potential application possibilities were presented, demonstrating the benefit of these functional elements in automotive design solutions: they often reduce complexity, weight and design space of an actuation device and enable new functions. In addition they work silently and are therefore ideally suitable for comfort applications in the passenger cabin. Because of the current trend to electric vehicle the hitherto existing drawback of a high electrical energy consumption of shape memory actuators in some design proposals is not given any more.
This work proposes a decoder implementation for high-rate generalized concatenated (GC) codes. The proposed codes are well suited for error correction in flash memories for high reliability data storage. The GC codes are constructed from inner extended binary Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) codes and outer Reed-Solomon (RS) codes. The extended BCH codes enable high-rate GC codes. Moreover, the decoder can take advantage of soft information. For the first three levels of inner codes we propose an optional Chase soft decoder. In this work, the code construction is explained and a decoder architecture is presented. Furthermore, area and throughput results are discussed.
As a result of increasing needs and shrinking resources, aquaculture is gaining progressively significance in the recent years. Ecological issues such as negative effects on the ecological system due to the high fish density in the farms, the use of copper as antifouling strategy etc. are very present, particularly regarding the increasing number of fish going to be produced in farms in the future. Current trends focus on larger farms operated offshore. To make these farms working safe and economical, reliability has to be improved and maintenance costs need to be reduced. Also, alternatives with higher mechanical strength compared to current textile net materials as well as common metal wires might be necessary. In the last years, a new net system made of high strength duplex stainless steel wires with environmentally friendly antifouling properties suitable for offshore applications was developed. The first nets are operating for one year now as predator protection (i.e. seals) for fish farms and show a good performance in cleaning capability and predator protection. But in the real usage, some corrosion effects in the contact points of the net made of duplex stainless steel 1.4362 occur which were not observed in preliminary tests in laboratory and at different test sites around the world. These corrosion effects endanger the sustainable success of the net system. In this work, the observed corrosion effects are investigated. A laboratory test, which simulates the movement in the contact points of the net, was developed. Two pieces of wire are bent in the middle and get stucked into each other. One wire is fixed at both ends and the second wire is fixed on one end. On the other end, a circular movement with 1-2 rps and a 1 cm displacement is applied. The movement generates friction between the wires and the passive layer will be locally damaged. When the movement stops, a repassivation starts. The passivity breakdown and the repassivation were measured with electrochemical techniques. During the friction phase, when the surface will be activated, the open circuit potential breaks down. When the friction stops, the OCP increases. Between the movement phases, measurements of critical pitting potential were done. Thereby the quality of repassivation was investigated. The tests were done in a 3% sodium chloride solution. Different temperatures were tested as well as the influence of air saturation and low oxygen content.
Corporate entrepreneurship (CE) supports the strategic renewal of established companies. Corporate venturing represents one key concept of CE that supports companies to strengthen their innovation capabilities. For the successful implementation of corporate ventures dual structures are recommended. The question, how the interface should be designed, plays a crucial role. Although it seems to be an important factor, this aspect requires further attention. One relevant element of the interface design are the different roles of the individuals that are interacting within the interface. This study is based on nine interviews that are representing six internal corporate ventures within one large German corporate from the ICT sector. The results that were mirrored with short case studies of 25 additional companies of the data sample, contribute to a better understanding of the interface design by adding insights about roles in corporate entrepreneurship. This deeper understanding about roles allows to draw conclusions on the interface design from a structural point of view.
Many secure software development methods and tools are well-known and understood. Still, the same software security vulnerabilities keep occurring. To find out if new source code patterns evolved or the same patterns are reoccurring, we investigate SQL injections in PHP open source projects. SQL injections are well-known and a core part of software security education. For each common part of SQL injections, the source code patterns are analysed. Examples are pointed out showing that developers had software security in mind, but nevertheless created vulnerabilities. A comparison to earlier work shows that some categories are not found as often as expected. Our main contribution is the categorization of source code patterns.
Stress and physical activities are important aspects of life of people. Body reactions on stress and on physical activities can be very similar but long-term stress leads to diseases and damages the body. Currently there is no method to differentiate easily and clearly between these two aspects in a time slot. We have confronted this problem while developing a mobile system for detection and analysis of stress. This paper presents an approach, which uses a long-term monitor with ECG/EKG capabilities and analysis of the heart rate data that is extracted from the device. The focus of the work is to find characteristics that are useful for differentiation between physical activity and stress.
Business models (BM) are the logic of a firm on how to create, deliver and capture value. Business model innovation (BMI) is essential to organisations for keeping competitive advantage. However, the existence of barriers to BMI can impact the success of a corporate strategic alignment. Previous research has examined the internal barriers to business model innovation, however there is a lack of research on the potential external barriers that could potentially inhibit business model innovation. Drawn from an in-depth case study in a German medium size engineering company in the equestrian sports industry, we explore both internal and external barriers to business model innovation. BMI is defined as any change in one or more of the nine building blocks of the Business Model Canvas; customer segment, value propositions, channels, customer relation, revenue streams, key resources, key activities, key partners, cost structure [1]. Our results show that barriers to business model innovation can be overcome by the deployment of organisational learning mechanisms and the development of an open network capability.