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Institute
Design of tension components
(2017)
The paper gives an introduction as well as background information on proposed changes and amendments in EN 1993-1-11 “Design of structures with tension components”, implemented during the ongoing revision. Due to some deficits in the currently applicable standard this revision is not only limited to some restructuring and editorial changes, but includes also major technical changes in the following fields: safety concept and structural analysis, actions and loads, robustness and rep-arability, design of tension components and design of clamps and saddles.
Observer-based self sensing for digital (on–off) single-coil solenoid valves is investigated. Self sensing refers to the case where merely the driving signals used to energize the actuator (voltage and coil current) are available to obtain estimates of both the position and velocity. A novel observer approach for estimating the position and velocity from the driving signals is presented, where the dynamics of the mechanical subsystem can be neglected in the model. Both the effect of eddy currents and saturation effects are taken into account in the observer model. Practical experimental results are shown and the new method is compared with a full-order sliding mode observer.
Im Rahmen der Lehrveranstaltung "Nachhaltigkeit im industriellen Umfeld" im Masterstudiengang Umwelt- und Verfahrenstechnik der Hochschulen Konstanz und Ravensburg-Weingarten fand im Dezember 2016 eine studentische Fachkonferenz statt. Die Studierenden entwickelten in Einzelarbeit oder als Zweierteam
Konferenzbeiträge zu folgenden Themen:
- Spannendes aus dem Bereich der Energieerzeugung und der Grauen Energie
- Aspekte der Kreislaufwirtschaft
- Ökosysteme - ihre Belastung und Erhalt
- Spezifische Wirtschaftszweige und Nachhaltigkeit
Die Ergebnisse der studentischen Fachkonferenz zur „Nachhaltigkeit im
industriellen Umfeld“ werden in der vorliegenden Publikation präsentiert.
Die vorausschauende Instandhaltung (engl. Predictive Maintenance) gewinnt für die produzierende Industrie weltweit an Bedeutung, da Produktionsmodernisierungen im Rahmen der Industrie 4.0 sowie die zunehmende Verwendung von heterogenen Sensoreinheiten die Instandhaltungsplanung immer komplexer gestalten. Darüber hinaus ist das Service-Kontingent, welches ein Maschinenbauer seinen Kunden im Bereich der Instandhaltung anbieten kann, durch die Ressource Mensch stark limitiert und nur ortsgebunden einsetzbar. Durch herkömmliche Instandhaltungsprozesse entstehen somit oft hohe Kosten, sowohl für den Maschinenbauer als auch für den Anwender. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Einblick in aktuelle Forschungen der Sybit GmbH in direkter Zusammenarbeit mit der HTWG Konstanz und renommierten Maschinenbau-Unternehmen. Gemeinsames Ziel ist es, vorhandene Instandhaltungsprozesse durch die Verwendung von Augmented Reality (AR) und weiterführenden Technologien zu unterstützen. Hierbei wird ein Stufenplan erarbeitet und vorgestellt, in dem die notwendigen Erweiterungen auf dem Weg von der Implementierung eines Pilotprojekts bis hin zur vollwertigen Industrie-4.0-Anwendung diskutiert werden. Abschließend wird die plausible Erweiterbarkeit der vorgestellten Entwicklungen erörtert und die Übertragbarkeit der Ergebnisse auf andere Domänen vorgestellt.
The binary asymmetric channel (BAC) is a model for the error characterization of multi-level cell (MLC) flash memories. This contribution presents a joint channel and source coding approach improving the reliability of MLC flash memories. The objective of the data compression algorithm is to reduce the amount of user data such that the redundancy of the error correction coding can be increased in order to improve the reliability of the data storage system. Moreover, data compression can be utilized to exploit the asymmetry of the channel to reduce the error probability. With MLC flash memories data compression has to be performed on block level considering short data blocks. We present a coding scheme suitable for blocks of 1 kilobyte of data.
Error correction coding based on soft-input decoding can significantly improve the reliability of flash memories. Such soft-input decoding algorithms require reliability information about the state of the memory cell. This work proposes a channel model for soft-input decoding that considers the asymmetric error characteristic of multi-level cell (MLC) and triple-level cell (TLC) memories. Based on this model, an estimation method for the channel state information is devised which avoids additional pilot data for channel estimation. Furthermore, the proposed method supports page-wise read operations.
Sleep quality and in general, behavior in bed can be detected using a sleep state analysis. These results can help a subject to regulate sleep and recognize different sleeping disorders. In this work, a sensor grid for pressure and movement detection supporting sleep phase analysis is proposed. In comparison to the leading standard measuring system, which is Polysomnography (PSG), the system proposed in this project is a non-invasive sleep monitoring device. For continuous analysis or home use, the PSG or wearable Actigraphy devices tends to be uncomfortable. Besides this fact, they are also very expensive. The system represented in this work classifies respiration and body movement with only one type of sensor and also in a non-invasive way. The sensor used is a pressure sensor. This sensor is low cost and can be used for commercial proposes. The system was tested by carrying out an experiment that recorded the sleep process of a subject. These recordings showed the potential for classification of breathing rate and body movements. Although previous researches show the use of pressure sensors in recognizing posture and breathing, they have been mostly used by positioning the sensors between the mattress and bedsheet. This project however, shows an innovative way to position the sensors under the mattress.
Steps to the stage
(2017)
Was in Kommunen im benachbarten Ausland, bspw. der Schweiz, Österreich oder den Niederlanden offenbar seit vielen Jahren Stand der Technik ist, ist auf Deutschlands Kommunalstraßen eine „Sonderbauweise“: Betonfahrbahnen. Obwohl, gerade in den neuen Bundesländern diese Bauweise häufig zum Einsatz kam, wird sie heute auf größeren Flächen wie gesamte Straßenzüge, bspw. in Wohngebieten, kaum noch angewendet (Bild 1). Die Gründe liegen offenbar in den schlechten Erfahrungen hinsichtlich einer komfortablen Nutzungsdauer sowie der Notwendigkeit, einen „leichteren“ Zugriff auf die unter der Straßenoberfläche liegenden Ver- und Entsorgungseinrichtungen zu haben. Infolge vermehrt auftretender Schäden wie Spurrinnen, Verdrückungen und weiteren Schäden werden hochbelastete Verkehrsflächen wie Bushaltestellen, Busspuren und Kreisverkehre immer häufiger anstatt in Asphalt- oder Pflaster in Betonbauweise ausgeführt. Die Gründe für die Vernachlässigung der Betonbauweise im kommunalen Umfeld liegen neben einem geringen Erfahrungsschatz sicherlich auch in einer aufwändigeren Planung, höheren Ausführungskosten, einem komplexeren Einbau, gerade in Zusammenhang mit Einbauten, Instandhaltungsmaßnahmen und Maßnahmen Dritter an den Ver- und Entsorgungseinrichtungen. Offen ist auch der Nachweis, dass die Betonbauweise im Lebenszyklus wirtschaftlicher als beispielsweise die Asphaltbauweise ist. Die Thematik „Einsatz von Betonflächen in Kommunen“ ist sehr umfangreich und weitläufig und lässt sich mit einem Vortrag generell nicht behandeln. Mit nachfolgenden Ausführungen soll demnach grundsätzlich auf die Belange der Planung, dem Bau und der Wirtschaftlichkeit kommunaler Verkehrsflächen in Betonbauweise eingegangen werden. Es können leider nicht alle Besonderheiten und Einzelheiten wie Baustoffe (Glasfaser) Berücksichtigung finden. Ziel des Vortrages ist, generelle Möglichkeiten hinsichtlich dem Einsatz von Betonflächen im kommunalen Bereich aufzuzeigen. Besonderer Dank gilt dem Straßenbauamt Böblingen sowie Herrn Baudirektor Andreas Klein, dessen persönliche Erfahrungen hier einfließen durften.
We present an approach to reduce the complexity of adjusting privacy preferences for multiple online social networks. To achieve this, we quantify the effect on privacy for choices that users make, and simplify configuration by introducing privacy configuration as a service. We present an algorithm that effectively measures privacy and adjusts privacy settings across social networks. The aim is to configure privacy with one click.
Growth is a key indicator of the prosperity of an economy. In today's Germany the " Gründerzeit " still describes a period of enormous economic growth. Factors that lead to growth haven't been investigated in the context of the different life cycle stages of early-stage technology ventures so far. This paper proposes a model of early-stage ventures' growth based on factors. From a theoretical angle, we look at the business from the market-based view (MBV) and the resource-based view (RBV) on strategy in the longitudinal perspective of the business life cycle. With this view we get to know what are the stage specific needs and processes of new technology based ventures in order to provide appropriate support. We tested different potential growth indicators for the model with a questionnaire-based survey which was answered by 68 high-tech entrepreneurs. The results suggest that growth factors are stage specific in their relevance. While leading to growth in one stage, certain factors evince no or even negative influence on growth in other stages. Moreover, RBV factors as seen more relevant for the growth than the MBV factors. Further research requires a large and representative population to validate the results. Keywords:-growth factors, early-stage ventures, market-based view, resources based view.
Organizations deploy a plethora of information technology (IT) systems. Various types of enterprise systems (ES) may coexist with the shadow IT systems (SITS) implemented by individual business units without the involvement of the IT department. The associated redundancy of SITS and ES suggests their integration. After integration, however, organization may find it challenging to retain the flexibility and innovation that the development of SITS offers the business. In this study, we conduct a literature review on IT systems integration. This review and the specific characteristics of SITS then serve to define SITS integration, derive guidelines for the integration decision, the phases preceding and following integration, and the integration process itself. SITS and ES integration can profit from existing knowledge of integration benefits, costs, and of the available technologies. Our study offers IT decision makers an insight into the specifics of SITS integration, and provides a basis for future SITS research.
Shadow information technology systems (SITS) coexist with formal enterprise systems in organisations. SITS pose risks but also increase flexibility of business units. Practice shows that SITS emerge, despite that Enterprise Architecture Management (EAM) aims at controling all IT systems in an organization. Studies acknowledge this problem in general. However, they neither show the specific influencing areas of SITS nor provide approaches to address them. To close this gap, we use a literature review to analyse examples of practical SITS and their interference with EAM concerns. Thus, we find that they hinder especially transparency, reduction of EA complexity and governance. Research has focused on achieving transparency, governing the evolution of the EA but lacks strategies for reducing complexity. This study contributes to research and practice by uncovering the main influencing areas of SITS on EAM, as well as by laying a foundation for future research on this topic.
Poster
The electrochemical behavior for different surface conditions and different degrees of deformation of metastable austenitic stainless steel AISI 304 UNS S30400 were studied using critical pitting potential and electrochemical noise measurements. The influence on corrosion resistance by using different abrasives (silicon carbide and corundum) for surface finish by grinding is illustrated. For the characterization of local defects and surface topography, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and tactile measurements were used. An inverse correlation between occurrence of local defects on the surface and critical pitting potential was found by using image processing. Therefore, gray scale values of different surfaces were compared. The influence of mass content of α'-martensite on the corrosion resistance is shown by comparing different qualities of surface finish. For smooth machined surfaces it can be shown that an increasing numbers of strain induced martensite is decreasing the corrosion resistance lightly. For low abrasive machining an inverse correlation between the critical pitting potential and surface roughness is given. However, for higher abrasive machining parameters, this correlation could not be found.
Durch Beanspruchungen bei der Fertigung oder in der Anwendung können metastabile austenitische Stähle eine Phasenumwandlung von ?- Austenit zu ?‘-Martensit durchlaufen. Verbunden damit sind Eigenschaftsänderungen, welche sich signifikant auf das Werkstoffverhalten unter mechanischer, tribologischer oder korrosiver Belastung auswirken können.
Um möglichen negativen Auswirkungen wie ungewollte Magnetisierbarkeit oder Beeinflussung von Fertigungsparameter sowie Korrosionseigenschaften zu unterbinden muss die martensitische Phase zunächst erfasst und quantifiziert werden.
Für diese Aufgabe stehen neben den bekannten und kostenintensiven Verfahren wie EBSD und XRD für die praxisnahe Anwendung das magneto-induktive Messverfahren und verschiedene Ätzmethoden zur Verfügung.
Anhand von Applikationen aus Anwendung, Fertigung und Forschung werden die Wirkweisen, Vorteile und Grenzen verschiedener Ätzverfahren und dem magneto-induktiv messenden FERITSCOPE® MP30 aufgezeigt. Ebenso werden ergänzende Methoden bzw. Techniken zur Validation der Verfahren diskutiert und erläutert.
To assess the quality of a person’s sleep, it is essential to examine the sleep behaviour by identifying the several sleep stages, their durations and sleep cycles. The established and gold standard procedure for sleep stage scoring is overnight polysomnography (PSG) with the Rechtschaffen and Kales (R-K) method. Unfortunately, the conduct of PSG is timeconsuming and unfamiliar for the subjects and might have an impact of the recorded data. To avoid the disadvantages with PSG, it is important to make further investigations in low-cost home diagnostic systems. For this intention it is necessary to find suitable bio vital parameters for classifying sleep stages without any physical impairments at the same time.
Due to the promising results in several publications we want to analyse existing methods for sleep stage classification based on the parameters body movement,
heartbeat and respiration. Our aim was to find different behaviour patterns in the several sleep stages. Therefore, the average values of 15 wholenight PSG recordings -obtained from the ‘DREAMS Subjects Database’- where analysed in the light of heartbeat, body movement and respiration with 10 different methods.
One major realm of Condition Based Maintenance is finding features that reflect the current health state of the asset or component under observation. Most of the existing approaches are accompanied with high computational costs during the different feature processing phases making them infeasible in a real-world scenario. In this paper a feature generation method is evaluated compensating for two problems: (1) storing and handling large amounts of data and (2) computational complexity. Both aforementioned problems are existent e.g. when electromagnetic solenoids are artificially aged and health indicators have to be extracted or when multiple identical solenoids have to be monitored. To overcome those problems, Compressed Sensing (CS), a new research field that keeps constantly emerging into new applications, is employed. CS is a data compression technique allowing original signal reconstruction with far fewer samples than Shannon-Nyquist dictates, when some criteria are met. By applying this method to measured solenoid coil current, raw data vectors can be reduced to a way smaller set of samples that yet contain enough information for proper reconstruction. The obtained CS vector is also assumed to contain enough relevant information about solenoid degradation and faults, allowing CS samples to be used as input to fault detection or remaining useful life estimation routines. The paper gives some results demonstrating compression and reconstruction of coil current measurements and outlines the application of CS samples as condition monitoring data by determining deterioration and fault related features. Nevertheless, some unresolved issues regarding information loss during the compression stage, the design of the compression method itself and its influence on diagnostic/prognostic methods exist.
I4 Production
(2017)
Durch die Einführung cyber-physischer Systeme in der Produktion ändern sich Arbeitsbedingungen und Prozesse sowie Geschäftsmodelle. In der Praxis kann eine wachsende Diskrepanz zwischen großen und kleinen bzw. mittelständischen Unternehmen beobachtet werden. Um diese Diskrepanz zu überbrücken, wird eine Modellfabrik vorgestellt, die Unternehmen eine Plattform zum Probieren bietet, die Möglichkeit zur Ausbildung von Studenten und Mitarbeitern schafft und Beratungsangebote bereithält. Am Beispiel einer dezentralisierten Demonstrationsfabrik wird ein hochintegriertes, offenes und standardisiertes Automatisierungskonzept vom Shopfloor bis hin zu einem Business Ecosystem präsentiert. Eine Suchmaschine dient als Basis für ein Fertigungsmanagementsystem (MES). Die Informationsverarbeitung erfolgt nach dem Pull-Prinzip, welches bei einem nach Lean optimierten Prozess bereits Anwendung findet.
Industry 4.0
(2017)
Validity of the business model is a key indicator for buying into ventures in the early-stage. Business models of early-stage ventures decrease in validity when developing the business over the progressing stages of the business life-cycle. By doing so, the ventures are validating their business model when building transaction relationships to the surrounding value network. In prior research, we developed a research design based on existing business innovation proposals (onepager, pitch decks, business plans) that is assumed to evaluate the status of business model validation. The core hypothesis of the research design is that transaction relations represent a strong anchor between the business model and the business reality, thus providing information on the business model validity. In this research, we test this hypothesis by designing and analyzing a survey that was directed to founders taking part in a business plan competition. We compared the relationships described in the submitted business plans to the relations explicitely stated in the follow-up questionnaire. We identified that the described relations to customers, investors, and people (human resources) match the relationships expressed in questionnaires quite well. A significant disagreement, however, exists in the relationships to suppliers. We conclude that there is still a theoretical and empirical gap that leads to disagreement between business plans and reality in the group of suppliers.
We present an analysis of how to determine security requirements for software that controls routing decisions in the distribution of discrete physical goods. Requirements are derived from stakeholder interests and threat scenarios. Three deployment scenarios are discussed: cloud and hybrid deployment as well as on-premise installation for legacy sites.
Deep 3D
(2017)
In the reverse engineering process one has to classify parts of point clouds with the correct type of geometric primitive. Features based on different geometric properties like point relations, normals, and curvature information can be used, to train classifiers like Support Vector Machines (SVM). These geometric features are estimated in the local neighborhood of a point of the point cloud. The multitude of different features makes an in-depth comparison necessary. In this work we evaluate 23 features for the classification of geometric primitives in point clouds. Their performance is evaluated on SVMs when used to classify geometric primitives in simulated and real laser scanned point clouds. We also introduce a normalization of point cloud density to improve classification generalization.