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Die dynamische Belastung durch Sprünge von Menschen ist eine der maßgebenden personeninduzierten Einwirkungen bei dem Nachweis der Gebrauchstauglichkeit von Decken mit schwingungsgefährdenden Geräten. Sie kommt beispielsweise in Ganglaboren und anderen Forschungseinrichtungen bei biomechanischen Untersuchungen in der Sprungkraftdiagnostik vor. Die in diesem Zusammenhang typischen Sprungarten, nämlich der Countermovement Jump (beidbeiniger vertikaler Sprung mit Ausholbewegung) und der Drop Jump (Niederhochsprung), wurden anhand von über 200 Kraftverlaufsmessungen analysiert und daraus die dazugehörigen idealisierten Belastungsmodelle ermittelt. Damit wurde ein vereinfachtes Nachweisverfahren zur Abschätzung der Schwingungsantwort einer Decke entwickelt. Als Ergebnis kann die Beschleunigung der Decke in Abhängigkeit von der modalen Masse und den Werten der Eigenformen am Lastangriffspunkt und am Ausgabepunkt angegeben werden.
Schreiben im Beruf
(2015)
Wie kann der Bedarf für berufliches Schreiben ermittelt werden und welche Schwierigkeiten sind dabei zu erwarten? Im Beitrag wird auf Erfahrungen zurückgegriffen, die in einer verwandten Disziplin gemacht wurden: Für berufsbegleitende Sprachkurse in Unternehmen liegen bereits viele Bedarfsermittlungen vor. Diese Erfahrungen können bei Bedarfsermittlungen für berufliches Schreiben berücksichtigt werden. Im Mittelpunkt des Beitrags stehen drei Bedarfsermittlungen zum Englischbedarf von Mitarbeitern internationaler Unternehmen, in denen die typische Methodik von Bedarfsermittlungen deutlich wird und typische Schwierigkeiten auftreten. Die Schwierigkeiten werden unter den Aspekten Erfahrungsdefizite, Kompetenzunterschiede und Machtgefälle zusammengefasst.
Schreiben im Beruf
(2015)
Wie kann der Bedarf für berufliches Schreiben ermittelt werden und welche Schwierigkeiten sind dabei zu erwarten? Im Beitrag wird auf Erfahrungen zurückgegriffen, die in einer verwandten Disziplin gemacht wurden: Für
berufsbegleitende Sprachkurse in Unternehmen liegen bereits viele Bedarfsermittlungen vor. Diese Erfahrungen können bei Bedarfsermittlungen für berufliches Schreiben berücksichtigt werden. Im Mittelpunkt des Beitrags
stehen drei Bedarfsermittlungen zum Englischbedarf von Mitarbeitern internationaler Unternehmen, in denen die typische Methodik von Bedarfsermittlungen deutlich wird und typische Schwierigkeiten auftreten. Die Schwierigkeiten werden unter den Aspekten Erfahrungsdefizite, Kompetenzunterschiede und Machtgefälle zusammengefasst.
Die richtige Balance zwischen Flexibilität und Stabilität von Geschäftsprozessen ist ein essenzieller Faktor für Unternehmen, um den Anforderungen zunehmend dynamisch werdender Märkte gerecht zu werden.
Die durch die digitale Revolution stetig steigende IT-Durchdringung fordert eine noch besser abgestimmte Zusammenarbeit zwischen den IT- und Fachabteilungen.
Müssen Organisationen schwergewichtige IT- und Prozessarchitekturen pflegen, können diese Anforderungen in vielen Fällen nicht adäquat erfüllt werden. Zu lange Zeitfenster der Aktualisierungszyklen führen zu signifikanten Differenzen zwischen den modellierten und den gelebten Geschäftsprozessen. Die Autoren dieses Beitrags propagieren eine Lösung durch innovative agile Methoden, mit deren Hilfe es möglich wird schlanke, maßgeschneiderte Architekturen unmittelbar zu implementieren und kontinuierlich zu pflegen.
Der Begriff Schatten-IT beschreibt Systeme, die außerhalb des Verantwortungsbereiches der IT durch die Fachabteilung eigenständig entwickelt und betrieben werden. Obwohl dieses Phänomen weit verbreitet ist, blieb diese Schatten-IT in Wissenschaft und in Praxis lange unbeachtet. Seit einiger Zeit ist eine verstärkte Auseinandersetzung mit dem Phänomen erkennbar. Jedoch gibt es bisher nur wenige empirisch gestützte Erkenntnisse über die Schatten-IT. Diese Lücke wird in dem vorliegenden Beitrag angegangen. Auf Basis von vier Fallstudien werden die Verbreitung, Verwendung und die Qualität der Schatten-IT ermittelt. Dabei zeigt sich, dass die Schatten-IT mit durchaus erheblichen Risiken verbunden sein kann. Demgegenüber bleibt die Qualität jedoch merklich zurück. Erkennbar ist dabei auch, dass die Schatten-IT nicht im Blickfeld der Kontrollsysteme der Unternehmen erscheint. Durch Maßnahmen wie die Steigerung der Awareness der Schatten-IT im Unternehmen sowie eine Entwicklung der Schatten-IT hin zu einer gesteuerten Fachbereichs-IT lassen sich die Risiken wirksam reduzieren. Zudem sind die Kontrollsysteme der Unternehmen so anzupassen, dass auch die Schatten-IT in diesen sichtbar wird.
Schatten-IT
(2015)
Schatten-IT
(2015)
Schatten-IT
(2015)
Schatten-BI - Was tun?
(2015)
Sabbatical semester report
(2015)
Rhetorik-Wörterbuch
(2015)
RELOAD
(2015)
Vortrag auf dem Doktorandenkolloquium des Kooperativen Promotionskollegs der HTWG, 09.07.2015
Digital cameras are subject to physical, electronic and optic effects that result in errors and noise in the image. These effects include for example a temperature dependent dark current, read noise, optical vignetting or different sensitivities of individual pixels. The task of a radiometric calibration is to reduce these errors in the image and thus improve the quality of the overall application. In this work we present an algorithm for radiometric calibration based on Gaussian processes. Gaussian processes are a regression method widely used in machine learning that is particularly useful in our context. Then Gaussian process regression is used to learn a temperature and exposure time dependent mapping from observed gray-scale values to true light intensities for each pixel. Regression models based on the characteristics of single pixels suffer from excessively high runtime and thus are unsuitable for many practical applications. In contrast, a single regression model for an entire image with high spatial resolution leads to a low quality radiometric calibration, which also limits its practical use. The proposed algorithm is predicated on a partitioning of the pixels such that each pixel partition can be represented by one single regression model without quality loss. Partitioning is done by extracting features from the characteristic of each pixel and using them for lexicographic sorting. Splitting the sorted data into partitions with equal size yields the final partitions, each of which is represented by the partition centers. An individual Gaussian process regression and model selection is done for each partition. Calibration is performed by interpolating the gray-scale value of each pixel with the regression model of the respective partition. The experimental comparison of the proposed approach to classical flat field calibration shows a consistently higher reconstruction quality for the same overall number of calibration frames.
Quarantänestation
(2015)
Probabilistic data association for tracking extended targets under clutter using random matrices
(2015)
The use of random matrices for tracking extended objects has received high attention in recent years. It is an efficient approach for tracking objects that give rise to more than one measurement per time step. In this paper, the concept of random matrices is used to track surface vessels using highresolution automotive radar sensors. Since the radar also receives a large number of clutter measurements from the water, for the data association problem, a generalized probabilistic data association filter is applied. Additionally, a modification of the filter update step is proposed to incorporate the Doppler velocity measurements. The presented tracking algorithm is validated using Monte Carlo Simulation, and some performance results with real radar data are shown as well.
The improvement of collision avoidance for vessels in close range encounter situations is an important topic for maritime traffic safety. Typical approaches generate evasive trajectories or optimise the trajectories of all involved vessels. Such a collision avoidance system has to produce evasive manoeuvres that do not confuse other navigators. To achieve this behaviour, a probabilistic obstacle handling based on information from a radar sensor with target tracking, that considers measurement and tracking uncertainties is proposed. A grid based path search algorithm, that takes the information from the probabilistic obstacle handling into account, is then used to generate evasive trajectories. The proposed algorithms have been tested and verified in a simulated environment for inland waters.
Post harvest technology
(2015)
The detection of differences between images of a printed reference and a reprinted wood decor often requires an initial image registration step. Depending on the digitalization method, the reprint will be displaced and rotated with respect to the reference. The aim of registration is to match the images as precisely as possible. In our approach, images are first matched globally by extracting feature points from both images and finding corresponding point pairs using the RANSAC algorithm. From these correspondences, we compute a global projective transformation between both images. In order to get a pixel-wise registration, we train a learning machine on the point correspondences found by RANSAC. The learning algorithm (in our case Gaussian process regression) is used to nonlinearly interpolate between the feature points which results in a high precision image registration method on wood decors.
This Chapter introduces parameterized, or parametric, Model Order Reduction (pMOR). The Sections are offered in a prefered order for reading, but can be read independently. Section 5.1, written by Jorge Fernández Villena, L. Miguel Silveira, Wil H.A. Schilders, Gabriela Ciuprina, Daniel Ioan and Sebastian Kula, overviews the basic principles for pMOR. Due to higher integration and increasing frequency-based effects, large, full Electromagnetic Models (EM) are needed for accurate prediction of the real behavior of integrated passives and interconnects. Furthermore, these structures are subject to parametric effects due to small variations of the geometric and physical properties of the inherent materials and manufacturing process. Accuracy requirements lead to huge models, which are expensive to simulate and this cost is increased when parameters and their effects are taken into account. This Section introduces the framework of pMOR, which aims at generating reduced models for systems depending on a set of parameters.
Organizational leadership
(2015)
The intentions of the so-called "More Electrical Aircraft" (MEA) are higher efficiency and lower weight. A main topic here is the application of electrical instead of hydraulical, pneumatical and mechanical systems. The necessary power electronic devices have intermediate DC-links, which are typically supplied by a three-phase system with active B6 and passive B12 rectifiers. A possible alternative is the B6 diode bridge in combination with an active power filter (APF). Due to the parallel arrangement, the APF offers a higher power density and is able to compensate for harmonics from several devices. The use of the diode bridge rectifier alone is not permitted due to the highly distorted phase current. The following investigations are dealing with the development of an active power filter for a three-phase supply with variable frequency from 360 to 800 Hz. All relevant components such as inductors, EMC-filters, power modules and DC-link capacitor are designed. A particular focus is put on the customized power module with SiC-MOSFETs and SiC-diodes, which is characterized electrically and thermally. The maximum supply frequency slope has a value of 50 Hz/ms, which requires a high dynamic and robustness on the control algorithm. Furthermore, the content of 5th and 7th harmonics must be reduced to less than 2 %, which demands a high accuracy. To cope with both requirements, a two-stage filter algorithm is developed and implemented in two independent signal processors. Simulations and laboratory experiments confirm the performance and robustness of the control algorithm. This work comprehensively presents the design of aerospace rectifiers. The results were published in conferences and patents.
Reconstruction of hand-held laser scanner data is used in industry primarily for reverse engineering. Traditionally, scanning and reconstruction are separate steps. The operator of the laser scanner has no feedback from the reconstruction results. On-line reconstruction of the CAD geometry allows for such an immediate feedback.
We propose a method for on-line segmentation and reconstruction of CAD geometry from a stream of point data based on means that are updated on-line. These means are combined to define complex local geometric properties, e.g., to radii and center points of spherical regions. Using means of local scores, planar, cylindrical, and spherical segments are detected and extended robustly with region growing. For the on-line computation of the means we use so-called accumulated means. They allow for on-line insertion and removal of values and merging of means. Our results show that this approach can be performed on-line and is robust to noise. We demonstrate that our method reconstructs spherical, cylindrical, and planar segments on real scan data containing typical errors caused by hand-held laser scanners.
Technology-based ventures provide an important route for successful technology transfer [1], [2]. Their founders are supported in successful technology commercialization by innovation intermediaries [3]. Accordingly, the performance of an innovation system, at least to some extent, depends on the efficiency of these intermediaries in terms of the impact of their scarce resources on the survival and growth of technology-based ventures. To increase their efficiency, intermediaries typically optimize their "intake" by requesting a formal business plan to base their selection on as a hygiene factor [4]-[7]. Thus, some scholars argue that written business plans show significant distortion as being produced only to attract support from innovation intermediaries [6], [8]. Accordingly, they rarely serve for these addressees as a source of information for analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of ventures, in order to derive actionable conclusions and more effectively support ventures [9], [10]. Addressees search for different indicators in business plans for their evaluation [11]. The descriptions of these indicators only evince little empirical proof for the performance of technology-based venture's [8], [12]. This gap is herein addressed, in contrast to the lacking empirical insight, as the most frequently produced artifact of early-stage technology ventures is at the same time a written business plan [10], [13]. This paper addresses this gap by conceptualizing transaction relations described in the written business plan as a means for working around the inevitable inaccuracies and uncertainties that delimit the explanatory abilities [14] of the snapshot model [10] presented by a business plan. Using a qualitative content analysis, we derive from the descriptions of transaction relations in a written business plan valid indicators for the maturity of the venture's value-network in different dimensions [15]. To this extent, this paper presents the findings from a pre-study that was conducted based on a sample of forty business plans from an overall population of 800 business plans in a longitudinal sample from one of Europe's most active innovation systems, the regional State of Baden-Württemberg. Such findings may be used by innovation intermediaries to enhance their efficiency, by enabling these to not only derive individual support strategies for business acceleration but also to analyze the impact of support measures by reliably monitoring maturity progress in venture activities.
Nichts als Worte
(2015)
Codes over quotient rings of Lipschitz integers have recently attracted some attention. This work investigates the performance of Lipschitz integer constellations for transmission over the AWGN channel by means of the constellation figure of merit. A construction of sets of Lipschitz integers is presented that leads to a better constellation figure of merit compared to ordinary Lipschitz integer constellations. In particular, it is demonstrated that the concept of set partitioning can be applied to quotient rings of Lipschitz integers where the number of elements is not a prime number. It is shown that it is always possible to partition such quotient rings into additive subgroups in a manner that the minimum Euclidean distance of each subgroup is strictly larger than in the original set. The resulting signal constellations have a better performance for transmission over an additive white Gaussian noise channel compared to Gaussian integer constellations and to ordinary Lipschitz integer constellations.
Codes over quotient rings of Lipschitz integers have recently attracted some attention. This work investigates the performance of Lipschitz integer constellations for transmission over the AWGN channel by means of the constellation figure of merit. A construction of sets of Lipschitz integers that leads to a better constellation figure of merit compared to ordinary Lipschitz integer constellations is presented. In particular, it is demonstrated that the concept of set partitioning can be applied to quotient rings of Lipschitz integers where the number of elements is not a prime number. It is shown that it is always possible to partition such quotient rings into additive subgroups in a manner that the minimum Euclidean distance of each subgroup is strictly larger than in the original set. The resulting signal constellations have a better performance for transmission over an additive white Gaussian noise channel compared to Gaussian integer constellations and to ordinary Lipschitz integer constellations. In addition, we present multilevel code constructions for the new signal constellations.
Im Rahmen der Lehrveranstaltung "Nachhaltigkeit im industriellen Umfeld" im Masterstudiengang Umwelt- und Verfahrenstechnik der Hochschulen Konstanz und Ravensburg-Weingarten wurde 2015 eine studentische Fachkonferenz durchgeführt.
Die Studierenden entwickelten in Einzelarbeit oder als Zweierteam Konferenzbeiträge zu folgenden Themen:
- Innovationen und Spannendes aus dem Bereich der Energieerzeugung und -wandlung
- Aspekte der Schließung von Stoffkreisläufen und Vermeidung von Schadstoffeinträgen in die Umwelt
- Chancen und Herausforderungen Nachwachsender Rohstoffe bei verschiedenen Einsatzmöglichkeiten sowie Themen der Nachhaltigkeit in der Landwirtschaft
- verschiedene Blickwinkel auf das Thema Wasser (von der Abwasserreinigung bis zum Wasserkonsum der Konsumenten)
- die Betrachtung spezifischer Industrien und Unternehmen sowie deren Werkzeuge zur Umsetzung von Nachhaltigkeit
Die Ergebnisse der studentischen Fachkonferenz zur „Nachhaltigkeit im industriellen Umfeld“ werden in der vorliegenden Publikation präsentiert.
Bedingt durch den fortwährenden Ausbau erneuerbarer Energien steigt die Bedeutung von regelenergiebereitstellenden Technologien kontinuierlich an. Prinzipiell können bereits heute Laufwasserkraftwerke mittels einer Durchlaufspeicherung Regelenergie bereitstellen. Bislang gibt es jedoch keinen einheitlichen Kriterienkatalog, der die technische Durchführbarkeit einer Durchlaufspeicherung bewertet. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird ein solcher Katalog vorgestellt und am Beispiel des Unteren Neckars angewandt. Unter rein technischen Gesichtspunkten ist eine Durchlaufspeicherung zwar prinzipiell denkbar, allerdings unterbinden schifffahrtsbedingte Restriktionen eine solche Bereitstellung von Regelenergie. Es wird daher empfohlen, eine Durchlaufspeicherung generell an Gewässern ohne strikte Auflagen durch die Schifffahrt zu betreiben. Außerdem ist der Zusammenschluss von mehreren Staustufen zu einem virtuellen Kraftwerk sinnvoll, um zusätzlich generierbare Strommengen gebündelt anbieten zu können.
Multistakeholder-Analyse zur Evaluation der KiCG Anforderungen an Compliance-Management-Systeme
(2015)
Motion safety for vessels
(2015)
The improvement of collision avoidance for vessels in close range encounter situations is an important topic for maritime traffic safety. Typical approaches generate evasive trajectories or optimise the trajectories of all involved vessels. The idea of this work is to validate these trajectories related to guaranteed motion safety, which means that it is not sufficient for a trajectory to be collision-free, but it must additionally ensure that an evasive manoeuvre is performable at any time. An approach using the distance and the evolution of the distance to the other vessels is proposed. The concept of Inevitable Collision States (ICS) is adopted to identify the states for which no evasive manoeuvre exist. Furthermore, it is implemented into a collision avoidance system for recreational crafts to demonstrate the performance.
Monitor Energiewende 2015
(2015)
In der Region Konstanz setzen sich zahlreiche Akteure - von Unternehmen über Energieversorger, Bildungsinstitutionen und Stadtverwaltungen bis zu Umweltschutzverbänden - dafür ein, durch konkrete Projekte die Energiewende vor Ort voranzubringen. Das Forschungsprojekt „Kompetenzzentrum
Energiewende Region Konstanz“ an der Hochschule Konstanz unterstützt diese Aktivitäten - u.a. mit einem jährlichen Monitor zum Stand der Energiewende in der Region Konstanz. Im Monitor 2015 wurden erstmals landkreisbezogene Daten zur Energiewende zusammengefasst und in den Kontext der landesweiten Ziele gestellt. Stand: Januar 2015
Moderne als Geschichte
(2015)
Model Order Reduction
(2015)
This chapter offers an introduction to Model Order Reduction (MOR). It gives an overview on the methods that are mostly used. It also describes the main concepts behind the methods and the properties that are aimed to be preserved. The sections are in a prefered order for reading, but can be read independentlty. Section 4.1, written by Michael Striebel, E. Jan W. ter Maten, Kasra Mohaghegh and Roland Pulch, overviews the basic material for MOR and its use in circuit simulation. Issues like Stability, Passivity, Structure preservation, Realizability are discussed. Projection based MOR methods include Krylov-space methods (like PRIMA and SPRIM) and POD-methods. Truncation based MOR includes Balanced Truncation, Poor Man’s TBR and Modal Truncation.Section 4.2, written by Joost Rommes and Nelson Martins, focuses on Modal Truncation. Here eigenvalues are the starting point. The eigenvalue problems related to large-scale dynamical systems are usually too large to be solved completely. The algorithms described in this section are efficient and effective methods for the computation of a few specific dominant eigenvalues of these large-scale systems. It is shown how these algorithms can be used for computing reduced-order models with modal approximation and Krylov-based methods.Section 4.3, written by Maryam Saadvandi and Joost Rommes, concerns passivity preserving model order reduction using the spectral zero method. It detailedly discusses two algorithms, one by Antoulas and one by Sorenson. These two approaches are based on a projection method by selecting spectral zeros of the original transfer function to produce a reduced transfer function that has the specified roots as its spectral zeros. The reduced model preserves passivity.Section 4.4, written by Roxana Ionutiu, Joost Rommes and Athanasios C. Antoulas, refines the spectral zero MOR method to dominant spectral zeros. The new model reduction method for circuit simulation preserves passivity by interpolating dominant spectral zeros. These are computed as poles of an associated Hamiltonian system, using an iterative solver: the subspace accelerated dominant pole algorithm (SADPA). Based on a dominance criterion, SADPA finds relevant spectral zeros and the associated invariant subspaces, which are used to construct the passivity preserving projection. RLC netlist equivalents for the reduced models are provided.Section 4.5, written by Roxana Ionutiu and Joost Rommes, deals with synthesis of a reduced model: reformulate it as a netlist for a circuit. A framework for model reduction and synthesis is presented, which greatly enlarges the options for the re-use of reduced order models in circuit simulation by simulators of choice. Especially when model reduction exploits structure preservation, we show that using the model as a current-driven element is possible, and allows for synthesis without controlled sources. Two synthesis techniques are considered: (1) by means of realizing the reduced transfer function into a netlist and (2) by unstamping the reduced system matrices into a circuit representation. The presented framework serves as a basis for reduction of large parasitic R/RC/RCL networks.
Mit Injektionen Risse heilen
(2015)
Um Mauerwerksrisse mit einer Injektion erfolgreich zu schließen, sind bei der praktischen Durchführung des Injektionsverfahrens eine Reihe von Details zu beachten: Sie betreffen das Bohren und Setzen der Packer, das Mischen und Einbringen des Füllstoffs, das Schließen der Öffnungen und Fertigstellen der Sichtmauerwerksoberflächen sowie die Dokumentation und Kontrolle des Injektionserfolgs.
Die Grundlagenbände enthalten die Überschreitungspunkte für Stickstoffdioxid bzw. Feinstaub PM10 in den einzelnen Städten und Gemeinden, die Ergebnisse der Messungen nach der 39. BImSchV, die Ursachenanalyse sowie die Schutzziele an den Überschreitungspunkten der entsprechenden Jahre. Abschließend sind die Messergebnisse für alle Überschreitungsbereiche seit 2003 zusammengestellt.
Land schafft Landschaft
(2015)