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Social Compliance
(2016)
So is About Urbanity
(2016)
Südstadt Tübingen is a successful military land redevelopment project, in which functional mix and urban diversity have been identified as main goals. In the whole development process, joint building venture has been utilized as important urban development instrument. On one hand, this instrument helps citizens development adaptive and affordable living space and let them find own identity to the new quarter; on the other hand, it is also important to cultivate urban diversity and suitable spatial feeling, mix relationship in living and working conditions, so that the quarters will have very flexible structure to accommodate diversified urban life styles.
Compliance hat in der Vergangenheit oftmals versagt, der aktuelle „VW-Abgasskandal“ ist nur ein Beispiel. Es muss nicht alles neu erfunden werden, und nicht alles, was Unternehmen in der Vergangenheit im Bereich Compliance taten, ist schlecht. Aber es ist an der Zeit, Compliance neu zu denken. Worauf kommt es wirklich an im Compliance Management 2.0? Meine Antwort lautet, dass Ernsthaftigkeit und Glaubwürdigkeit gefördert werden müssen und gefördert werden können. Wie, das versuche ich im Rahmen von sechs Thesen zu skizzieren.
Smart factory and education
(2016)
The introduction of cyber physical systems into production companies is highly changing working conditions and processes as well as business models. In practice a growing discrepancy between big and small respectively medium-sized companies can be observed. Bridging that gap a university smart factory is introduced to give that companies a platform to trial, educate employees and access consultancy. Realizing the smart factory a highly integrated, open and standardized automation concept is shown comprising single devices, production lines up to a higher automation system maintaining a community or business models.
Sliding-mode observation with iterative parameter adaption for fast-switching solenoid valves
(2016)
Control of the armature motion of fast-switching solenoid valves is highly desired to reduce noise emission and wear of material. For feedback control, information of the current position and velocity of the armature are necessary. In mass production applications, however, position sensors are unavailable due to cost and fabrication reasons. Thus, position estimation by measuring merely electrical quantities is a key enabler for advanced control, and, hence, for efficient and robust operation of digital valves in advanced hydraulic applications. The work presented here addresses the problem of state estimation, i.e., position and velocity of the armature, by sole use of electrical measurements. The considered devices typically exhibit nonlinear and very fast dynamics, which makes observer design a challenging task. In view of the presence of parameter uncertainty and possible modeling inaccuracy, the robustness properties of sliding mode observation techniques are deployed here. The focus is on error convergence in the presence of several sources for modeling uncertainty and inaccuracy. Furthermore, the cyclic operation of switching solenoids is exploited to iteratively correct a critical parameter by taking into account the norm of the observation error of past switching cycles of the process. A thorough discussion on real-world experimental results highlights the usefulness of the proposed state observation approach.
This letter introduces signal constellations based on multiplicative groups of Eisenstein integers, i.e., hexagonal lattices. These sets of Eisenstein integers are proposed as signal constellations for generalized spatial modulation. The algebraic properties of the new constellations are investigated and a set partitioning technique is developed. This technique can be used to design coded modulation schemes over hexagonal lattices.
Die Seewassernutzung weist ein beachtliches Potential zu Kühl- und Heizzwecken auf. Bereits seit längerem eingesetzte seewasserbetriebene Wärmepumpen in der Schweiz beweisen fortwährend ihre Praxistauglichkeit. In Deutschland wird diese Technik jedoch bislang kaum genutzt. Mit Hilfe eines interdisziplinären geowissenschaftlichen Ansatzes wird derzeit das bestehende Potential in Deutschland quantifiziert und dessen Nutzungshemmnisse identifiziert, um in einem weiteren Schritt Handlungsoptionen für einen verstärkten Einsatz dieser Technologie zu erarbeiten.
Scoring LSP tasks
(2016)
Schicksal der Freybrücke
(2016)
Karl Bernhard gilt als einer der bedeutendsten Bauingenieure in Deutschland Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts. Seine beiden Brücken entlang der Heerstraße in Berlin, die Stößenseebrücke und die Freybrücke über die Havel, sind seit 1909 verkehrstechnisch von höchster Bedeutung für die Ost-West-Verbindung der Stadt. Die Freybrücke wurde jedoch im März 2015 abgerissen, um einem Ersatzneubau Platz zu machen. Wie kam es dazu, dass eine historisch und verkehrstechnisch derart wichtige, seit 1971 unter Denkmalschutz stehende Konstruktion so lange vernachlässigt wurde, bis sie abbruchreif war? Dieser Artikel ist eine Hommage an Bernhards Havelbrücke und geht ihrer wechselvollen Geschichte nach.
Rostfreie Stähle
(2016)
Das Buch gibt einen Überblick über die metallkundlichen Grundlagen auf dem Gebiet der nichtrostenden Stähle und über das Einsatzverhalten dieser Werkstoffe. Es werden die notwendigen Hinweise für den Konstrukteur und den Verarbeiter von nichtrostenden Stählen gegeben. Einen Schwerpunkt stellt hierbei das Korrosionsverhalten dieser Werkstoffe dar.
This paper builds upon the widely-used resource-based approach to explaining survival of new technology-based firms (NTBFs). However, instead of looking at the NTBF's initial resource configuration, a process-oriented perspective is taken by focusing on the entrepreneur's ability to transform resources in response to triggers resulting from market interactions. Transaction relations reflect these interactions and are thus operationalized with a suggested method for measuring the status of venture emergence (VE) applicable to early-stage NTBFs. NTBFs' value network maturity is reflected in the number and strength of their transaction relations in the four market dimensions customer, investor, partner, and human resource. Business plans of NTBFs represent the artifact that contains this data in the form of transaction relation descriptions. Using content analysis, a multi-step combined human and computer coding process has been developed to annotate and classify transaction relations from business plans in order to empirically determine NTBFs' status of VE. Results of the business plan analysis suggest that the level of transaction relations allows to draw conclusions on the VE status. Moreover, applying the developed process, first analysis of a business plan coding test shows that the transaction relation based VE status significantly relates to NTBF survival capability.
Energiewirtschaft und Wassernutzung stehen aufgrund der großen Bedeutung von Kohle-, Kern-, und Wasserkraftwerken in Baden-Württemberg in einem engen Zusammenhang. Niedrige Flusswasserstände können in Trockenzeiten zu Konflikten zwischen den verschiedenen Wassernutzern z.B. der Kühlwassernutzung (Abbildung 1), Bewässerung sowie der Nutzung des Neckars als Schifffahrtsstraße führen. Seit dem Trockensommer 2003 nimmt das Bewusstsein für die Relevanz konkurrierender Wassernutzungen, u.a. von Kühlwassernutzung, Bewässerung für die Landwirtschaft, Nutzung der Wasserwege für den Transport von Massengütern sowie für Belange des Naturschutz zu.
Digital cameras are used in a large variety of scientific and industrial applications. For most applications the acquired data should represent the real light intensity per pixel as accurately as possible. However, digital cameras are subject to different sources of noise which distort the resulting image. Noise includes photon noise, fixed pattern noise and read noise. The aim of the radiometric calibration is to improve the quality of the resulting images by reducing the influence of the different types of noise on the measured data. In this paper, a new approach for the radiometric calibration of digital cameras using sparse Gaussian process regression is presented. Gaussian process regression is a kernel based supervised machine learning technique. It is used to learn the response of a camera system from a set of training images to allow for the calibration of new images. Compared to the standard Gaussian process method or flat field correction our sparse approach allows for faster calibration and higher reconstruction quality.
Several possibilities of tests under load on a chassis dynamometer are presented. Consumption measurements according standard driving cycles as the New European Drive Cycle (NEDC) and Worldwide harmonized light duty test procedure/cycle (WLTP/WLTC) make special attention to the observance of the regulations necessary. The rotational masses of inertia and the load depending on velocity have to match the required values. Load tests as well allow the determination of the maximum acceleration in the current gear and the slippage of the driven wheels.
The method of signal injection is investigated for position estimation of proportional solenoid valves. A simple observer is proposed to estimate a position-dependent parameter, i.e. the eddy current resistance, from which the position is calculated analytically. Therefore, the relationship of position and impedance in the case of sinusoidal excitation is accurately described by consideration of classical electrodynamics. The observer approach is compared with a standard identification method, and evaluated by practical experiments on an off-the-shelf proportional solenoid valve.
A lot of procedures for estimating the spool position in linear electromagnetic actuators using voltage and current measurements only, can be found in the literature. Subject to the accuracy of the estimated spool position some achieve better, some worse results. However, in almost every approach hysteresis has a huge impact on the estimation accuracy that can be achieved. Regardless whether these effects are caused by magnetic or mechanical hysteresis, they will limit the accuracy of the position estimate, if not taken into account. In this paper, a model is introduced which covers the hysteresis effects as well as other nonlinear ities occurring in estimated position-dependent parameters. A classical Preisach model is deployed first, which is then adjusted by using novel elementary preceding Relay-Operators. The resulting model for the estimated position-dependent parameters including the adjusted Preisach model can be easily applied to position estimation tasks. It is shown that the considered model distinctly improves the accuracy for the spool position estimate, while it is kept as simple as possible for real-time implementation reasons.
The multichannel Wiener filter (MWF) is a well-established noise reduction technique for speech processing. Most commonly, the speech component in a selected reference microphone is estimated. The choice of this reference microphone influences the broadband output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as well as the speech distortion. Recently, a generalized formulation for the MWF (G-MWF) was proposed that uses a weighted sum of the individual transfer functions from the speaker to the microphones to form a better speech reference resulting in an improved broadband output SNR. For the MWF, the influence of the phase reference is often neglected, because it has no impact on the narrow-band output SNR. The G-MWF allows an arbitrary choice of the phase reference especially in the context of spatially distributed microphones.
In this work, we demonstrate that the phase reference determines the overall transfer function and hence has an impact on both the speech distortion and the broadband output SNR. We propose two speech references that achieve a better signal-to-reverberation ratio (SRR) and an improvement in the broadband output SNR. Both proposed references are based on the phase of a delay-and-sum beamformer. Hence, the time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) of the speech source is required to align the signals. The different techniques are compared in terms of SRR and SNR performance.
Sleep is an important aspect in life of every human being. The average sleep duration for an adult is approximately 7 h per day. Sleep is necessary to regenerate physical and psychological state of a human. A bad sleep quality has a major impact on the health status and can lead to different diseases. In this paper an approach will be presented, which uses a long-term monitoring of vital data gathered by a body sensor during the day and the night supported by mobile application connected to an analyzing system, to estimate sleep quality of its user as well as give recommendations to improve it in real-time. Actimetry and historical data will be used to improve the individual recommendations, based on common techniques used in the area of machine learning and big data analysis.
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to find out tourism movement patterns via the tracking of tourists with the help of positioning systems like GPS in the rural area of the Lake Constance destination in Germany. In doing so past, present and future of tourist tracking is illustrated. Design/methodology/approach The tracking is realized via common smartphones extended by an app, with dedicated sensors like position loggers and a survey. The three different approaches are applied in order to compare and cross-check results (triangulation of data and methods). Findings Movement patterns turned out to be diverse and individualistic within the rural destination of Lake Constance and following an ants trail in sub-destinations like the city of Constance. Repeat visitors and first-time visitors alike always visit the bigger cities and main day-trip destinations of the Lake. A possible prediction tool enables new avenues of governing tourism movement patterns. Research limitations/implications The tracking techniques can be developed further into the direction of “quantified self” using gamification in order to make the tracking app even more attractive. Practical implications An algorithm-based prediction tool would offer new perspectives to the management of tourism movements. Social implications Further research is needed to overcome the feeling of invasiveness of the app to allow tracking with that approach. Originality/value This study is original and innovative because of the first-time use of a smartphone app in tourist tracking, the application on a rural destination and the conceptual description of a prediction tool.
Optical surface inspection
(2016)
In this paper, a gain-scheduled nonlinear control structure is proposed for a surface vessel, which takes advantage of extended linearisation techniques. Thereby, an accurate tracking of desired trajectories can be guaranteed that contributes to a safe and reliable water transport. The PI state feedback control is extended by a feedforward control based on an inverse system model. To achieve an accurate trajectory tracking, however, an observer-based disturbance compensation is necessary: external disturbances by cross currents or wind forces in lateral direction and wave-induced measurement disturbances are estimated by a nonlinear observer and used for a compensation. The efficiency and the achieved tracking performance are shown by simulation results using a validated model of the ship Korona at the HTWG Konstanz, Germany. Here, both tracking behaviour and rejection of disturbance forces in lateral direction are considered.
Nichts als Worte
(2016)
Navigation on the Danube
(2016)
This report contains two parts: The first part presents an overview on studies concerning the Danube, inland navigation or the impact of climate change on either of those. The second part gives a more detailed analysis of inland navigation on the Danube, partly based on studies presented in part one. Part two covers the current situation along the Danube by covering the topic of bottlenecks and other limitations for shipping along the Danube. Based on these informations, an estimation of the economic impacts of low water periods on inland navigation is made. As a last step, measures to reduce the impact of low water on inland navigations are presented. The report shows, that inland navigation still is an important transport mode, along the Danube as well as in other european regions. Especially in Romania, inland navigation still has a large share of more than 20% and rising in total transport. However, inland navigation depends strongly on good conditions of its infrastructure. These good conditions are limited mainly by two factors: one are the so called bottlenecks. Those are areas with sub-optimal shipping conditions e.g. due to solid rock formations in the river that lead to a reduced water depths. The other factor is the weather (and, on a longer time scale, the climate) which, mostly depending on precipitation and evaporation, can lead to low water levels seasonally. In addition to these two natural factors, laws which e.g. regulate the maximum number of barges allowed. Human build structures like locks limit the size of vessels as well as the speed they can travel with. These limiting factors are identified and located in the first chapter of part two of this report, before the water depth needed by several ship sizes as well as the cargo fleet available along the Danube are presented. One of the targets of this report is to estimate the economic impact of low water periods. All the factors named above as well as the freight prices charged for connections along the Danube are used to each this target in chapter II.4. To estimate the impact of low water periods on the freight prices, a method developed by Jonkeren et al. (2007) for the Rhine is transfered to the Danube. By transfering Jonkeren et al. (2007) method, regression equations for several transport connections along the Danube are identified that give a first estimate for the connection of freight prices and water levels. With the help of these regression equations, an estimation of the total expenses for transport via inland navigation for several years is possible. The yearly and seasonal variability is identified as well as the additional expenses due to water levels below 280cm. But additional expenses are not the only impact of changing water levels on inland navigation. Another is, that while the demand for transport stays at the same level, sometimes the water levels are not sufficient enough to use the full capacity of the fleet. Therefore, the (theoretical) amount of cargo that could not be transported due to low water levels is calculated as well and presented in chapter II.5. Finally, some measures to overcome some of the here named problems of inland navigation due to low water levels are presented. These are separated into two general approches: change the ship or change the river. Both methods have their advantages and disadvantages due to technical as well as regulatory and other factors. The list presented here however is incomplete and only gives a few ideas of how some problems can be overcome. In the end, an individual mix for the different regions along the river and sometimes for the individual companies must be found.
Measuring the natural frequency of buildings and bridges is a possibility to get information about the stiffness of the construction. Decreasing stiffness can be detected be repeatedly measurements. Damaged parts of the construction or too high wood moisture can be reasons for decreasing stiffness. The earlier the failure is detected the better is the chance to repair it with low costs. The method of monitoring by repeatedly measuring the natural frequency is applied at timber bridges, especially on footbridges. As damages due to high wood moisture cannot be seen easily, measuring the natural frequency is a good possibility to detect them and then to repair them. Equations to calculate the natural frequencies regarding the damaged parts are shown and applied to a simple supported beam.
Monitor Energiewende 2016
(2016)
Domain-specific modeling is more and more understood as a comparable solution compared to classical software development. Textual domain-specific languages (DSLs) already have a massive impact in contrast tographical DSLs, they still have to show their full potential. The established textual DSLs are normally generated from a domain specific grammar or maybe other specific textual descriptions. And advantage of textual DSLs is that they can be development cost-efficient.
In this paper, we describe asimilar approach for the creation of graphical DSLs from textual descriptions. We present a set of specially developed textual DSLs to fully describe graphical DSLs based on node and edge diagrams. These are, together with an EMF meta-model, the input for a generator that produces an eclipse-based graphical Editor. The entire project is available as open source under the name MoDiGen.
This paper broadens the resource-based approach to explaining survival of new technology-based firms (NTBFs) by focusing on the entrepreneur's ability to transform resources in response to triggers resulting from market interactions. Network theory is used to define a construct that allows determining the status of venture emergence (VE).The operationalization of the VE construct is built on the firm's value network maturity in the four market dimensions customer, investor, partner, and human resource. Business plans of NTBFs represent the artifact that contains this data in the form of transaction relation descriptions. Using content analysis, a multi-step combined human and computer coding process has been developed to empirically determine NTBFs' status of VE.Results of the business plan analysis suggests that the level of transaction relations allows to draw conclusions on the status of VE. Moreover, applying the developed process, a business plan coding test shows that the transaction relation based VE status significantly relates to NTBFs' survival capabilities.
Marketingrecht
(2016)
Ziel des vorliegenden Leitfadens für den Mittelstand ist es, zu einer Lösung der im Spannungsfeld zwischen Marketing und Recht zu bewältigenden Aufgaben, die von vielen heute als die wichtigsten der Unternehmensführung überhaupt angesehen werden, beizutragen. In diesem Sinne liefert der Leitfaden Ihnen einen umfassenden Überblick über den, das Marketing beeinflussenden Rechtsrahmen und zeigt gleichzeitig Gestaltungsoptionen eines präaktiven Handelns auf. Der Leitfaden lehnt sich, dieses Ziel unterstützend, dem klassischen Kanon der Marketinginstrumente an.
Loch im Putz = alles neu?
(2016)
Liken und Sinn machen
(2016)
Lernfabrik
(2016)
Die Einführung von cyberphysischen Systemen in der Fertigung wird die Arbeitsbedingungen und Prozesse genauso wie Geschäftsmodelle stark verändern. In der Praxis kann eine wachsende Diskrepanz zwischen Großunternehmen und KMU beobachtet werden. Genau diese Diskrepanz soll die im Folgenden präsentierte Lernfabrik überbrücken, die Unternehmen eine Plattform zum Probieren bietet, die Möglichkeit zur Ausbildung von Studenten und Mitarbeitern schafft und Beratungsangebote bereithält. Zur Umsetzung wird ein integriertes, offenes und standardisiertes Automatisierungskonzept vorgestellt, das einzelne Geräte, ganze Produktionslinien bis hin zu höheren Automatisierungssystemen umfasst und auch eine Community bereitstellt sowie zur Umsetzung neuer Geschäftsmodelle dient.