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Der Einsatz von Keramiken erfolgt oft bei hohen Temperaturen oder großen Temperaturgradienten. Deshalb ist die thermo-mechanische Beständigkeit von keramischen und feuerfesten Werkstoffen wichtig für die Materialauswahl und das Bauteildesign. Das Werkstoffverhalten wird durch die Thermoschock- bzw. Temperaturwechselbeständigkeit beschrieben. Etablierte Werkstoffprüfungen zu ihrer Ermittlung sind komplex und aufwendig. Das Potenzial von anwendungsnaher Werkstoffprüfung in Kombination mit modellbildender Simulation wird beschrieben.
Zusammenfassende Darstellung der Ergebnisse einer empirischen Studie über Friedens- und Postkonfliktarbeit durch kirchliche Akteure in Indonesien ( Maluku) und auf den Philippinen (Mindanao). Auf Basis der Untersuchung ziehen die Autoren Schlussfolgerungen über die praktische Bedeutung kirchlicher Friedensprojekte nach Konflikten
Drawing on a rich body of multimethod field research, this book examines the ways in which Indonesian and Philippine religious actors have fostered conflict resolution and under what conditions these efforts have been met with success or limited success.
The book addresses two central questions: In what ways, and to what extent, have post-conflict peacebuilding activities of Christian churches contributed to conflict transformation in Mindanao (Philippines) and Maluku (Indonesia)? And to what extent have these church-based efforts been affected by specific economic, political, or social contexts? Based on extensive fieldwork, the study operates with a nested, multi-dimensional, and multi-layered methodological concept which combines qualitative and quantitative methods. Major findings are that church-based peace activities do matter, that they have higher approval rates than state projects, and that they have fostered interreligious understanding.
Through innovative analysis, this book fills a lacuna in the study of ethno-religious conflicts. Informed by the novel Comparative Area Studies (CAS) approach, this book is strictly comparative, includes in-case and cross-case comparisons, and bridges disciplinary research with Area Studies. It will be of interest to academics in the fields of conflict and peacebuilding studies, interreligious dialogue, Southeast Asian Studies, and Asian Politics.
Flatness-based feed-forward control of solenoid actuators is considered. For precise motion planning and accurate steering of conventional solenoids, eddy currents cannot be neglected. The system of ordinary differential equations including eddy currents, that describes the nonlinear dynamics of such actuators, is not differentially flat. Thus, a distributed parameter approach based on a diffusion equation is considered, that enables the parametrization of the eddy current by the armature position and its time derivatives. In order to design the feedforward control, the distributed parameter model of the eddy current subsystem is combined with a typical nonlinear lumped parameter model for the electrical and mechanical subsystems of the solenoid. The control design and its application are illustrated by numerical and practical results for an industrial solenoid actuator.
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that causes chronic inflammation of synovial joints, often resulting in irreversible structural damage. The activity of the disease is evaluated by clinical examinations, laboratory tests, and patient self-assessment. The long-term course of the disease is assessed with radiographs of hands and feet. The evaluation of the X-ray images performed by trained medical staff requires several minutes per patient. We demonstrate that deep convolutional neural networks can be leveraged for a fully automated, fast, and reproducible scoring of X-ray images of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A comparison of the predictions of different human experts and our deep learning system shows that there is no significant difference in the performance of human experts and our deep learning model.
Due to its economic size, economic policy measures, in particular trade policies, have a far‐reaching impact on global economic developments. This chapter quantifies the economic consequences of US protectionist trade aspirations. It focuses on trade policy scenarios, which have been communicated by the current US administration as potential new trade policies. The chapter draws on the results of a study of the ifo Institute conducted on behalf of the Bertelsmann Foundation. In the first simulation, a retraction from the North American Free Trade Agreement is considered. The chapter then illustrates the potential consequences of a “border tax adjustment” policy. It also simulates further measures to protect the US market by presuming an increase in American duties. The chapter presents robust quantitative results that can be expected if an increasingly protectionist US trade policy were to be implemented.
When a country grants preferential tariffs to another, either reciprocally in a free trade agreement (FTA) or unilaterally, rules of origin (RoOs) are defined to determine whether a product is eligible for preferential treatment. RoOs exist to avoid that exports from third countries enter through the member with the lowest tariff (trade deflection). However, RoOs distort exporters' sourcing decisions and burden them with red tape. Using a global data set, we show that, for 86% of all bilateral product-level comparisons within FTAs, trade deflection is not profitable because external tariffs are rather similar and transportation costs are non-negligible; in the case of unilateral trade preferences extended by rich countries to poor ones that ratio is a striking 98%. The pervasive and unconditional use of RoOs is, therefore, hard to rationalize.
Die Bodenseeregion gilt als populäre Freizeit- und Tourismusdestination, mit der ein vielfältiger Naturraum, ein angenehmes Klima sowie eine fruchtbare Landwirtschaft verbunden werden. Der Kulturtourismus ist dabei – je nach Bodenseedestination in unterschiedlich starker Ausprägung – nicht nur ein wichtiger Baustein für die Erweiterung der touristischen Angebotspalette, sondern auch ein wesentlicher Faktor für die Lebensqualität am Bodensee.
Für die Tourismuswirtschaft und insbesondere den Kulturtourismus ist die Inanspruchnahme von Knowhow der Kreativwirtschaft z. B. in Form von Produkten und Dienstleistungen des Presse-, Rundfunk-, Software-, und Werbemarkts unverzichtbar. Die Kreativwirtschaft ist mit Teilmärkten wie der Musikwirtschaft, den darstellenden Künsten oder dem Kunstmarkt ein wichtiger Inhaltslieferant für kulturtouristische Angebote.
This paper presents a framework to assess the cultural sustainability of Aboriginal tourism in British Columbia, which meets must take into account the protection of human rights, good self-governance, identity, control of land, the tourism product’s authenticity, and a market-ready tourism product. These criteria are specified by two indicators each. The cultural sustainability framework was generated by triangulating qualitative research methods like experts’ interviews, secondary research, and participant and non-participant observations. This paper is thus conceptual in nature and inductive in its approach. It partly leverages a collaborative approach, as it includes interviewees in an iterative research loop. Furthermore, the paper shows why cultural sustainability is a determinant of the success of Aboriginal tourism.
Thermochemical surface hardening is used to overcome the weak mechanical performance of austenitic and duplex stainless steels. Both low-temperature carburizing and nitrocarburizing can improve the hardness, wear, galling, and cavitation resistance, while maintaining their good corrosion resistance. Therefore, it is crucial to not form chromium-rich precipitates during hardening as these can deteriorate the passivity of the alloy. The hardening parameters, the chemical composition of the steel, and the manufacturing route of a component determine whether precipitates are formed. This article gives an overview of suitable alloys for low-temperature surface hardening and the performance under corrosive loading.
