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Infolge des Klimawandels werden Hitzeperioden häufiger und intensiver, was insbesondere in Städten zu einer Überwärmung des Straßenraums führt. Erhöhte Gesundheitsrisiken für vulnerable Gruppen sowie eine Minderung der Aufenthalts- und Lebensqualität sind die Folgen. Für die Stadtplanung ergibt sich die Notwendigkeit, dem Urban-Heat-Island-(UHI-)Effekt durch geeignete Klimaanpassungsmaßnahmen zu begegnen. Bisherigen Ansätzen zur Lokalisierung überwärmungsgefährdeter Bereiche fehlt oft die Detailtiefe, um einen direkten Straßenbezug herzustellen, Ursachen zu analysieren und geeignete Anpassungsmaßnahmen im Straßenraum abzuleiten. In diesem Beitrag wird daher ein Ansatz vorgestellt, der die Daten eines Mobile-Mapping-Systems nutzt, um UHI-Risikobereiche im städtischen Straßennetz präzise zu kartieren und zu bewerten. Das Bewertungskonzept ist so ausgelegt, dass gezielt Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung des Mikroklimas empfohlen werden können.
With the help of a new, comprehensive sanctions database and utilizing the latest developments in the structural gravity literature, we estimate the effects of economic sanctions on international trade. We demonstrate that the average effects of sanctions hide significant heterogeneity depending on the type of sanctions considered, their duration, objectives and sender types. We also zoom in on the sanctions against Iran. We find that their effects are significant but also widely heterogeneous across sanctioning countries, even within the European Union, and depend on the direction of trade. We complement the aggregate analysis with estimates for 170 sectors, showing that sanctions have been effective in decreasing bilateral trade at the sectoral level while the effects vary significantly across sectors and across complete versus partial trade sanctions.
Form-finding is an essential task in the design of efficient lightweight structures. It is based on the crucial assumption of one single shape-determining load case, usually represented by self-weight. Adaptive components integrated into the structure open a way to even more efficient lightweight designs, as such structures can adapt their shapes to varying external loads and redistribute internal forces. This article presents a method for form-finding of adaptive truss structures subject to multiple, independently acting load cases, also incorporating possible design constraints. To ensure the consistency of the manufacturing lengths of passive elements in all load cases, special constraints are considered. The method enables to reduce sensitivity of the structural shape with respect to various different loads by means of actuation to meet design and serviceability requirements with a lower structural mass compared to conventional design strategies. This is demonstrated within a replaced real-world-like setting of an adaptive suspension truss bridge.
Dynamic Real-Time Range Queries (DRRQ) are widely used to discover local context between mobile clients in high-density areas where both clients requested by the query and inquirers are mobile. Unlike the very well-known continuous range queries only a few approaches such as Adaptive Quad Streaming (AQS) address scalability and real-time requirements that are important for ad-hoc mobility challenges in fully distributed client networks. In this paper we address fundamental limitations of AQS presenting the new lightweight AQSdynamic which supports arbitrary, individual, and time-dependent range query shapes instead of fixed circular ones, thus covering much more realistic scenarios. More important, AQSdynamic combines the decentralized streaming approach of AQS with "subscriptions"guaranteeing a real-time behavior with constant complexity with to the number of clients.
Compliance und Integrity in der Wirtschaftsethik gelten als zwei Ansätze einer verantwortlichen Unternehmenssteuerung. Compliance wird dabei häufig als eine regel- bzw. normenbasierte Strategie ausgewiesen, wohingegen Integrity als ein werteorientierter Ansatz verstanden wird. Gegenstand des Artikels ist die Frage, inwieweit aus einem Abgleich von Compliance- und Integrity-Strategien mit einer philosophischen Normen- und Werte-Unterscheidung Erkenntnisse für die Beziehung beider Unternehmensstrategien gewonnen werden können. Die konzeptionelle Analyse wird dabei Einsicht in ein sich ergänzendes Verhältnis erlauben und zugleich Grenzen beider Ansätze aufzeigen.
Von wegen isoliert
(2025)
Production and marketing of cereal grains is one of main activities in low income countries farming system. However, yields are very low due to several factors associated with traditional practices. Despite low productivity, the postharvest loss (PHL) of grains mainly during storage is high due to storage pests. The study was conducted to assess storage related losses of grains (maize and sorghum) and compare aboveground and underground storage methods to minimize losses associated with traditional storage structures. In first phase of the study, base line data were collected using focus group discussion, key informants interview and semi-structured questioners. In the second phase, underground and aboveground storage methods were investigated along with their control for better stability of stored maize and sorghum. The survey result showed that, storage related losses (due to different factors) of maize and sorghum were 14.2 and 11.5% respectively. The major identified causes of losses were storage pests and losses due to seepage. In the second phase, from studied storage structures, grains stored in pit storage with PVC layer showed superior stability and quality in terms of prevention of pest attacks and proximate composition, respectively. The study demonstrated that, underground storage method supported with PVC lining was efficient in terms of enhancing storage stability of grains with required quality for consumption or marketing.
